木衛四 Callisto：垃圾冰球

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你³解說⁴。

• 原始文章：Callisto: Dirty Battered Iceball
• 影像來源: NASA,JPL-Caltech,Voyager 2; 處理 &許可:Kevin M. Gill;
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (TARA)

[漢羅] 木衛四 Callisto：垃圾冰球

這粒衛星 ê 表面是太陽系內底 隕石坑密度上懸 ê 天體，毋知伊 ê 內部是啥物呢？ 木星 ê 衛星 木衛四 Callisto 是一粒垃圾冰組成 ê 球，伊比水星 koh 較細粒。 美國 NASA ê 加利略太空船 tī 1990 年代 到 2000 年代 捌去過遐，毋過這張重新處理過 ê 影像，是 航海家 2 號 tī 1979 年飛過遐 ê 時陣翕--ê。 因為伊去予太空石頭舂幾若億萬年矣，形成淺色 ê 冰層。 若無，這粒衛星會看起來閣較烏。 Callisto ê 內部可能閣較趣味，因為伊內底可能有一重液態水。 這片地下海洋，是性命生存 ê 候選地之一，其他 ê 後選地閣有 伊 ê 姊妹衛星 木衛二 Europa kah 木衛三 Ganymede。 因為 Callisto 比地球 ê 衛星月娘閣較大，就算冰 ê 密度較低，規粒 Callisto 算起來 ê 質量猶是較大。 歐洲 ESA ê JUICE 探測任務 kah 美國 NASA ê Europa 快艇任務，這馬當咧飛對木星去，欲來研究伊上大粒 ê 衛星。

[POJ] Bo̍k-ūi-sì Callisto: Lah-sap Peng-kiû

Chit-lia̍p ūi-chhiⁿ ê piáu-bīn sī Thài-iông-hē lāi-té ún-chio̍h-kheⁿ bi̍t-tō͘ siōng koân ê thian-thé, m̄-chai i ê lōe-pō͘ sī siáⁿ-mi̍h neh? Bo̍k-chhiⁿ ê ūi-chhiⁿ Bo̍k-ūi-sì Callisto sī chi̍t-lia̍p lah-sap peng cho͘-sêng ê kiû, i pí Chúi-chhiⁿ koh-khah sè-lia̍p. Bí-kok NASA ê Ka-lī-lio̍h Thài-khong-chûn tī 1990 nî-tāi kàu 2000 nî-tāi bat khì-kòe hia, m̄-koh chit-tiuⁿ tiông-sin chhú-lí-kòe ê iáⁿ-siòng, sī Hâng-hái-ka 2 hō tī 1979 nî poe-kòe hia ê sî-chūn hip--ê. In-ūi i khì hō͘ thài-khong chio̍h-thâu chheng kúi-ā-ek-bān-nî--ah, hêng-sêng chhián-sek ê peng-chân. Nā bô, chit-lia̍p ūi-chhiⁿ ē khòaⁿ--khí-lâi koh-khah o͘. Callisto ê lōe-pō͘ khó-lêng koh-khah chhù-bī, in-ūi i lāi-té khó-lêng ū chi̍t-têng e̍k-thài-chúi. Chit-phiàn tē-hā hái-iûⁿ, sī sìⁿ-miā seng-chûn ê hāu-soán-tē chi̍t-ê, kî-thaⁿ ê hāu-soán-tē koh ū i ê chí-mōe ūi-chhiⁿ Bo̍k-ūi-jī Europa kah Bo̍k-ūi-saⁿ Ganymede. In-ūi Callisto pí Tē-kiû ê ūi-chhiⁿ goe̍h-niû koh-khah tōa, tiō-sǹg peng ê bi̍t-tō͘ khah kē, kui-lia̍p Callisto sǹg-khí-lâi ê chit-liōng iáu-sī khah tōa. Au-chiu ESA ê JUICE thàm-chhek jīm-bū kah Bí-kok NASA ê Europa khoàiⁿ-théng jīm-bū, chit-má tng-leh poe tùi Bo̍k-chhiⁿ khì, beh lâi gián-kiù i siōng tōa-lia̍p ê ūi-chhiⁿ.

[KIP] Bo̍k-uī-sì Callisto: Lah-sap Ping-kiû

Tsit-lia̍p uī-tshinn ê piáu-bīn sī Thài-iông-hē lāi-té ún-tsio̍h-khenn bi̍t-tōo siōng kuân ê thian-thé, m̄-tsai i ê luē-pōo sī siánn-mi̍h neh? Bo̍k-tshinn ê uī-tshinn Bo̍k-uī-sì Callisto sī tsi̍t-lia̍p lah-sap ping tsoo-sîng ê kiû, i pí Tsuí-tshinn koh-khah sè-lia̍p. Bí-kok NASA ê Ka-lī-lio̍h Thài-khong-tsûn tī 1990 nî-tāi kàu 2000 nî-tāi bat khì-kuè hia, m̄-koh tsit-tiunn tiông-sin tshú-lí-kuè ê iánn-siòng, sī Hâng-hái-ka 2 hō tī 1979 nî pue-kuè hia ê sî-tsūn hip--ê. In-uī i khì hōo thài-khong tsio̍h-thâu tshing kuí-ā-ik-bān-nî--ah, hîng-sîng tshián-sik ê ping-tsân. Nā bô, tsit-lia̍p uī-tshinn ē khuànn--khí-lâi koh-khah oo. Callisto ê luē-pōo khó-lîng koh-khah tshù-bī, in-uī i lāi-té khó-lîng ū tsi̍t-tîng i̍k-thài-tsuí. Tsit-phiàn tē-hā hái-iûnn, sī sìnn-miā sing-tsûn ê hāu-suán-tē tsi̍t-ê, kî-thann ê hāu-suán-tē koh ū i ê tsí-muē uī-tshinn Bo̍k-uī-jī Europa kah Bo̍k-uī-sann Ganymede. In-uī Callisto pí Tē-kiû ê uī-tshinn gue̍h-niû koh-khah tuā, tiō-sǹg ping ê bi̍t-tōo khah kē, kui-lia̍p Callisto sǹg-khí-lâi ê tsit-liōng iáu-sī khah tuā. Au-tsiu ESA ê JUICE thàm-tshik jīm-bū kah Bí-kok NASA ê Europa khuàinn-thíng jīm-bū, tsit-má tng-leh pue tuì Bo̍k-tshinn khì, beh lâi gián-kiù i siōng tuā-lia̍p ê uī-tshinn.

[English] Callisto: Dirty Battered Iceball

Its surface is the most densely cratered in the Solar System -- but what's inside? Jupiter's moon Callisto is a battered ball of dirty ice that is slightly smaller than the planet Mercury. It was visited by NASA's Galileo spacecraft in the 1990s and 2000s, but the recently reprocessed featured image is from a flyby of NASA's Voyager 2 in 1979. The moon would appear darker if it weren't for the tapestry of light-colored fractured surface ice created by eons of impacts. The interior of Callisto is potentially even more interesting because therein might lie an internal layer of liquid water. This potential underground sea is a candidate to harbor life -- similar with sister moons Europa and Ganymede. Callisto is larger than Luna, Earth's Moon, and even with its high ice content is still more massive. ESA's JUICE and NASA's Europa Clipper missions are now headed out to Jupiter to better investigate its largest moons.

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