星系、噴射流、kah 有名 ê 烏洞

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：The Galaxy, the Jet, and a Famous Black Hole
• 影像來源：NASA, JPL-Caltech, Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
• 莫走！緊來看：Black Hole Week at NASA!
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NSYSU)

[漢羅] 星系、噴射流、kah 有名 ê 烏洞

明亮 ê 長株圓星系 Messier 87 (M87) 是超大質量烏洞 in 兜。 2017 年 ê 時陣，伊 ê 影像頭一擺去予地球 ê 事件視界望遠鏡 翕著。 這幅 Spitzer 太空望遠鏡 紅外線影像內底 ê 藍色大型星系，是離咱 5500 光年遠 ê 巨人，M87 室女座星系團。 雖罔講 M87 看起來就敢若是雲，無啥物特殊，毋過 Spitzer 影像確實有記錄著 ùi 星系中央噴出來 ê 相對論噴射流。 咱會當 tī 這幅圖正爿頂懸 ê 插入圖看著，噴射流是湠到幾若千光年遐爾長。 正爿 較光 ê 噴射流 當 leh 倚近咱 ê 視線方向。 另外一方面，噴另外一个方向 ê 噴射流，雖罔講咱看袂著，毋閣伊產生 ê 衝擊波，kā 一个較暗 ê 弓形物質照予光。 正爿下跤 ê 插入圖就是文章內底講著--ê 歷史性 ê 烏洞影像。 伊 to̍h tī 這个大型星系 kah 相對論噴射流 ê 中央。 雖罔講這張 Spitzer 影像 ê 解析度猶無夠懸，毋閣咱猶是有法度知影 烏洞是驅動 活跳星系 M87 中心 ê 相對論噴射流 所需要 ê 大量能量 ê 源頭。 是講踅 tī 超大質量烏洞 四箍圍仔 ê 物質，落尾攏會落 loăi 烏洞內底。 事件視界望遠鏡翕著 ê M87，這馬已經有加強處理過矣。 按呢咱就會當 清楚看著這粒有名 ê 超大質量烏洞 矣。

[POJ] Seng-hē, phùn-siā-liû, kah ū-miâ ê o͘-tōng

Bêng-liōng ê tn̂g-tu-îⁿ seng-hē Messier 87 (M87) sī chhiau-tōa-chit-liōng-o͘-tōng in tau. 2017 nî ê sî-chūn, i ê iáⁿ-siōng thâu-chi̍t-pái khì-hō͘ Tē-kiû ê Sū-kiāⁿ-sī-kài Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ hip-tio̍h. Chit-pak Spitzer thài-khong-bōng-oán-kiàⁿ âng-gōa-sòaⁿ iáⁿ-siōng lāi-té ê nâ-sek tōa-hêng seng-hē, sī lî lán 5500 kng-nî hn̄g ê kū-jîn, M87 Sek-lú-chō seng-hē-thoân. Sui-bóng kóng M87 khòaⁿ--khí-lâi to̍h ká-ná sī hûn, bô siáⁿ-mi̍h te̍k-sû, m̄-koh Spitzer iáⁿ-siōng khak-si̍t ū kì-lo̍k tio̍h ùi seng-hē tiong-ng phùn--chhut-lâi ê siong-tùi-lūn phùn-siā-liû. Lán ē-tàng tī chit-pak-tô͘ chiàⁿ-pêng téng-koân ê chhah-ji̍p-tô͘ khòaⁿ--tio̍h, phùn-siā-liû sī thòaⁿ-kàu kúi-ā-chheng kng-nî hiah-nī tn̂g. Chiàⁿ-pêng khah kng ê phùn-siā-liû tng leh óa-kīn lán ê sī-sòaⁿ hong-hiòng. Lēng-gōa chi̍t-hong-bīn, phùn lēng-gōa chi̍t-ê hong-hiòng ê phùn-siā-liû, sui-bóng kóng lán khòaⁿ-bōe-tio̍h, m̄-koh i sán-seng ê chhiong-kek-phō, kā chi̍t-ê khah-àm ê keng-hêng bu̍t-chit chiò hō͘ kng. Chiàⁿ-pêng ē-kha ê chhah-ji̍p-tô͘ to̍h sī bûn-chiuⁿ lāi-té kóng-tio̍h--ê le̍k-sú-sèng ê o͘-tōng iáⁿ-siōng. I to̍h tī chit-ê tōa-hêng seng-hē kah siong-tùi-lūn phùn-siā-liû ê tiong-ng. Sui-bóng kóng chit-tiuⁿ Spitzer iáⁿ-siōng ê kái-sek-tō͘ iáu bô-kàu koân, m-koh lán iáu-sī ū-hoat-tō͘ chai-iáⁿ o͘-tōng sī khu-tōng oa̍h-thiàu-seng-hē M87 tiong-sim ê siong-tùi-lūn phùn-siā-liû sò͘ su-iàu ê tōa-liōng lêng-是liōng ê goân-thâu. Sī kóng se̍h tī chhiau-tōa-chit-liōng-o͘-tōng sì-kho͘-ûi-á ê bu̍t-chit, lo̍h-bóe lóng ē lak-loăi o͘-tōng lāi-té. Sū-kiāⁿ-sī-kài Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ hip-tio̍h ê M87, chit-má í-keng ū ka-kiông chhú-lí kòe--ah. Án-ni lán to̍h ē-tàng chheng-chhó khòaⁿ-tio̍h chit-lia̍p ū-miâ ê hhiau-tōa-chit-liōng-o͘-tōng--ah.

[KIP] Sing-hē, phùn-siā-liû, kah ū-miâ ê oo-tōng

Bîng-liōng ê tn̂g-tu-înn sing-hē Messier 87 (M87) sī tshiau-tuā-tsit-liōng-oo-tōng in tau. 2017 nî ê sî-tsūn, i ê iánn-siōng thâu-tsi̍t-pái khì-hōo Tē-kiû ê Sū-kiānn-sī-kài Bōng-uán-kiànn hip-tio̍h. Tsit-pak Spitzer thài-khong-bōng-uán-kiànn âng-guā-suànn iánn-siōng lāi-té ê nâ-sik tuā-hîng sing-hē, sī lî lán 5500 kng-nî hn̄g ê kū-jîn, M87 Sik-lú-tsō sing-hē-thuân. Sui-bóng kóng M87 khuànn--khí-lâi to̍h ká-ná sī hûn, bô siánn-mi̍h ti̍k-sû, m̄-koh Spitzer iánn-siōng khak-si̍t ū kì-lo̍k tio̍h uì sing-hē tiong-ng phùn--tshut-lâi ê siong-tuì-lūn phùn-siā-liû. Lán ē-tàng tī tsit-pak-tôo tsiànn-pîng tíng-kuân ê tshah-ji̍p-tôo khuànn--tio̍h, phùn-siā-liû sī thuànn-kàu kuí-ā-tshing kng-nî hiah-nī tn̂g. Tsiànn-pîng khah kng ê phùn-siā-liû tng leh uá-kīn lán ê sī-suànn hong-hiòng. Līng-guā tsi̍t-hong-bīn, phùn līng-guā tsi̍t-ê hong-hiòng ê phùn-siā-liû, sui-bóng kóng lán khuànn-buē-tio̍h, m̄-koh i sán-sing ê tshiong-kik-phō, kā tsi̍t-ê khah-àm ê king-hîng bu̍t-tsit tsiò hōo kng. Tsiànn-pîng ē-kha ê tshah-ji̍p-tôo to̍h sī bûn-tsiunn lāi-té kóng-tio̍h--ê li̍k-sú-sìng ê oo-tōng iánn-siōng. I to̍h tī tsit-ê tuā-hîng sing-hē kah siong-tuì-lūn phùn-siā-liû ê tiong-ng. Sui-bóng kóng tsit-tiunn Spitzer iánn-siōng ê kái-sik-tōo iáu bô-kàu kuân, m-koh lán iáu-sī ū-huat-tōo tsai-iánn oo-tōng sī khu-tōng ua̍h-thiàu-sing-hē M87 tiong-sim ê siong-tuì-lūn phùn-siā-liû sòo su-iàu ê tuā-liōng lîng-liōng ê guân-thâu. Sī kóng se̍h tī tshiau-tuā-tsit-liōng-oo-tōng sì-khoo-uî-á ê bu̍t-tsit, lo̍h-bué lóng ē lak-luăi oo-tōng lāi-té. Sū-kiānn-sī-kài Bōng-uán-kiànn hip-tio̍h ê M87, tsit-má í-king ū ka-kiông tshú-lí kuè--ah. Án-ni lán to̍h ē-tàng tshing-tshó khuànn-tio̍h tsit-lia̍p ū-miâ ê tshiau-tuā-tsit-liōng-oo-tōng--ah.

[English] The Galaxy, the Jet, and a Famous Black Hole

Bright elliptical galaxy Messier 87 (M87) is home to the supermassive black hole captured in 2017 by planet Earth's Event Horizon Telescope in the first ever image of a black hole. Giant of the Virgo galaxy cluster about 55 million light-years away, M87 is rendered in blue hues in this infrared image from the Spitzer Space telescope. Though M87 appears mostly featureless and cloud-like, the Spitzer image does record details of relativistic jets blasting from the galaxy's central region. Shown in the inset at top right, the jets themselves span thousands of light-years. The brighter jet seen on the right is approaching and close to our line of sight. Opposite, the shock created by the otherwise unseen receding jet lights up a fainter arc of material. Inset at bottom right, the historic black hole image is shown in context at the center of giant galaxy, between the relativistic jets. Completely unresolved in the Spitzer image, the supermassive black hole surrounded by infalling material is the source of enormous energy driving the relativistic jets from the center of active galaxy M87. The Event Horizon Telescope image of M87 has been enhanced to reveal a sharper view of the famous supermassive black hole.

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