飛龍機 機尾雲 ê X 烏影

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：Contrail Shadow X
• 影像來源 kah 版權：Fatih Ekmen
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NSYSU)

[漢羅] 飛龍機 機尾雲 ê X 型烏影

是啥物 tī 雲內底創出這个大型 X 型烏影？ 這是下底 ê 機尾雲 ê 烏影。 飛龍機咧飛 ê 時陣，iăn-jín ê 排氣若是較澹，就會產生水珠仔。 這寡水珠仔可能會 tī 地球 較寒 ê 頂懸大氣 內底結凍。 這寡擋較久 ê 水流 kah 冰流 會散射 日頭 ê 光線，按呢 ùi 下底看起來就會較光。 毋過 tī 真少情形下，日頭接近地平線 ê 時陣，機尾雲 嘛會當 ùi 下底照予光。 這寡機尾雲 向天頂 投影出長長 ê 烏影，一般是看袂著，除非遐有較懸 ê 雲層。 這个景色是這個月初 tī 土耳其 伊斯坦堡 ê 狀況。 其實地球 四界 攏看會著 機尾雲，而且一般講來，in 若是掠著 紅外線，會予地球變較 燒。 毋過 in 若是有效率咧反射 日光，會予地球變較冷。 這張相片是一个感覺意外 ê 攝影師 tī 早起 欲去上班 ê 時陣翕–ê。

[POJ] Poe-lêng-ki ki-bóe-hûn ê X hêng o͘-iáⁿ

Sī siáⁿ-mih tī hûn lāi-té chhòng chhut chit-ê tōa-hêng X hêng o͘-iáⁿ? Che-sī ē-té ê ki-bóe-hûn ê o͘-iáⁿ. Poe-lêng-ki leh poe ê sî-chūn, ia̋n-jín ê pâi-khì nā-sī khah tâm, tō ē sán-seng chúi-chu-á. Chit kóa chúi-tih khó-lêng ē tī Tē-kiû khah kôaⁿ ê téng-koân tāi-khì lāi-té kiat tàng. Chit kóa tòng khah kú ê chúi-liû kah peng-liû ē sàn-siā ji̍t-thâu ê kng-sòaⁿ, án-ne ùi ē-té khòaⁿ–khí-lâi tō ē khah kng. M̄-koh tī chin chió chêng-hêng-hā, ji̍t-thâu chiap-kīn tē-pêng-sòaⁿ ê sî-chūn, ki-bóe-hûn mā ē-tàng ùi ē-té chiàu hō͘ kng. Chit kóa ki-bóe-hûn hiòng thiⁿ-téng tâu-iáⁿ chhut tn̂g-tn̂g ê o͘-iáⁿ, it-poaⁿ sī khòaⁿ-bē-tio̍h, tû-hui hiah ū khah koân ê hûn-chân. Chit-ê kéng-sek sī chit kò goe̍h-chhe tī Thó͘-ní-kî I-su-thán-pó ê chōng-hóng. Kî-si̍t Tē-kiû sì-kè lóng khòaⁿ-ē-tio̍h ki-bóe-hûn, jî-chhiáⁿ it-poaⁿ kóng–lâi, in nā-sī lia̍h-tio̍h âng-gōa-sòaⁿ, ē hō͘ Tē-kiû piàn khah sio. M̄-koh in nā-sī ū hāu-lu̍t leh hoán-siā ji̍t-kng, ē hō͘ Tē-kiû piàn khah léng. Chit-tiuⁿ siòng-phìⁿ sī chi̍t-ê kám-kak ì-gōa ê liap-iáⁿ-su tī chái-khí beh khì siōng-pan ê sî-chūn hip–ê.

[KIP] Pue-lîng-ki ki-bué-hûn ê X hîng oo-iánn

Sī siánn-mih tī hûn lāi-té tshòng tshut tsit-ê tuā-hîng X hîng oo-iánn? Tse-sī ē-té ê ki-bué-hûn ê oo-iánn. Pue-lîng-ki leh pue ê sî-tsūn, ia̋n-jín ê pâi-khì nā-sī khah tâm, tō ē sán-sing tsuí-tsu-á. Tsit kuá tsuí-tih khó-lîng ē tī Tē-kiû khah kuânn ê tíng-kuân tāi-khì lāi-té kiat tàng. Tsit kuá tòng khah kú ê tsuí-liû kah ping-liû ē sàn-siā ji̍t-thâu ê kng-suànn, án-ne uì ē-té khuànn–khí-lâi tō ē khah kng. M̄-koh tī tsin tsió tsîng-hîng-hā, ji̍t-thâu tsiap-kīn tē-pîng-suànn ê sî-tsūn, ki-bué-hûn mā ē-tàng uì ē-té tsiàu hōo kng. Tsit kuá ki-bué-hûn hiòng thinn-tíng tâu-iánn tshut tn̂g-tn̂g ê oo-iánn, it-puann sī khuànn-bē-tio̍h, tû-hui hiah ū khah kuân ê hûn-tsân. Tsit-ê kíng-sik sī tsit kò gue̍h-tshe tī Thóo-ní-kî I-su-thán-pó ê tsōng-hóng. Kî-si̍t Tē-kiû sì-kè lóng khuànn-ē-tio̍h ki-bué-hûn, jî-tshiánn it-puann kóng–lâi, in nā-sī lia̍h-tio̍h âng-guā-suànn, ē hōo Tē-kiû piàn khah sio. M̄-koh in nā-sī ū hāu-lu̍t leh huán-siā ji̍t-kng, ē hōo Tē-kiû piàn khah líng. Tsit-tiunn siòng-phìnn sī tsi̍t-ê kám-kak ì-guā ê liap-iánn-su tī tsái-khí beh khì siōng-pan ê sî-tsūn hip–ê.

[English] Contrail Shadow X

What created this giant X in the clouds? It was the shadow of contrails illuminated from below. When airplanes fly, humid engine exhaust may form water droplets that might freeze in Earth’s cold upper atmosphere. These persistent streams of water and ice scatter light from the Sun above and so appear bright from below. On rare occasions, though, when the Sun is near the horizon, contrails can be lit from below. These contrails cast long shadows upwards, shadows that usually go unseen unless there is a high cloud deck. But that was just the case over Istanbul, Türkiye, earlier this month. Contrails occur all over planet Earth and, generally, warm the Earth when the trap infrared light but cool the Earth when they efficiently reflect sunlight. The image was taken by a surprised photographer in the morning on the way to work.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【飛龍機】poe-lêng-ki/pue-lîng-ki/飛機/airplanes
• 【機尾雲】ki-bóe-hûn/ki-bué-hûn/飛機凝結尾/contrails
• 【土耳其】Thó͘-ní-kî/Thóo-ní-kî/土耳其/Türkiye
• 【伊斯坦堡】I-su-thán-pó/I-su-thán-pó/伊斯坦堡/Istanbul
• 【反射】hoán-siā/huán-siā/反射/reflect
• 【散射】sàn-siā/sàn-siā/散射/scatter
• 【iăn-jín】iăn-jín/iăn-jín/引擎/engine
• 【大氣】tāi-khì/tāi-khì/大氣/atmosphere
• 【水流】chúi-liû/tsuí-liû/水流/streams of water
• 【冰流】peng-liû/ping-liû/冰流/streams of ice
• 【水珠仔】chúi-chu-á/tsuí-tsu-á/水滴/water droplets