月娘 kah 咧衝 圓箍仔煙 ê Etna 山

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：Moon and Smoke Rings from Mt. Etna
• 影像來源 kah 版權：Dario Giannobile
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NSYSU)

[漢羅] 月娘 kah 咧衝 圓箍仔煙 ê Etna 山

是講，你知影 ê 火山敢有法度按呢生？ 予一寡人較 意外 ê 是，Etna 火山 有當時仔會衝 圓箍仔煙。 用專業術語來講，這款圓箍仔煙就叫做 渦旋環。 這是因為火山壁 kā 欲噴出去 ê 煙霧 較倚壁邊 ê 氣體速度變較慢，造成較倚內部 ê 氣體 ê 相對速度變較緊。 結果形成一个低壓區，予噴出來 ê 火山氣體 kah 火山烌 踅做一个 圓箍仔。 這是一个咱熟似 ê 幾何結構，tī 伊衝懸 ê 時陣，煞意外誠穩定。 圓箍仔煙 是足罕得看著，需要 風喙 ê 幾何結構、噴射煙 ê 速度、kah 平靜 ê 外部大氣攏配合甲好勢好勢，才會出現。 這張影像 是 2 禮拜前 tī 意大利 Sicily 島 Gangi 翕–ê，咱會當看著幾若个火山噴出來 ê 圓箍仔煙。 這个景色去予天光進前 ê 日頭 照甲 紅記記，背景閣有一粒 月眉相 ê 月娘。

[POJ] Goe̍h-niû kah leh Chhèng Îⁿ-kho͘-á-ian ê Etna soaⁿ

Sī-kóng, lí chai-iáⁿ ê hóe-soaⁿ kám-ū hoat-tō͘ án-ne sìⁿ? Hō͘ chi̍t kóa lâng khah ì-gōa ê sī, Etna hóe-soaⁿ ū-tang-sî-á ē chhèng îⁿ-kho͘-á-ian. Iōng choan-gia̍p su̍t-gí lâi-kóng, chit-khoán îⁿ-kho͘-á-ian tō kiò-chò o-soân-khoân. Che-sī in-ūi hóe soaⁿ-piah kā beh phùn chhut-khì ê ian-bū khah óa piah-piⁿ ê khì-thé sok-tō͘ piàn khah bān,chō-sêng khah óa lōe-pō͘ ê khì-thé ê siong-tùi sok-tō͘ piàn khah-kín. Kiat-kó hêng-sêng chi̍t-ê kē-ap-khu, hō͘ phùn–chhut-lâi ê hóe-soaⁿ khì-thé kah hóe-soaⁿ-hu se̍h chò chi̍t-ê îⁿ-kho͘-á. Che-sī chi̍t-ê lán se̍k-sāi ê kí-hô kiat-kò͘, tī i chhèng-koân ê sî-chūn, soah ì-gōa chiâⁿ ún-tēng. Îⁿ-kho͘-á-ian sī chiok hán-tit khòaⁿ–tio̍h, su-iàu hong-chhùi ê kí-hô kiat-kò͘, phùn-siā-ian ê sok-tō͘, kah pêng-chēng ê gōa-pō͘ tāi-khì lóng phòe-ha̍p kah hó-sè-hó-sè, chiah-ē chhut-hiān. Chit-tiuⁿ iáⁿ-siōng sī 2 lé-pài chêng tī I-tá-lī Sicily tó Gangi hip–ê, lán ē-tàng khòaⁿ-tio̍h kúi-nā ê hóe-soaⁿ phùn–chhut-lâi ê îⁿ-kho͘-á-ian. Chit-ê kéng-sek khì hō͘ thiⁿ-kng chìn-chêng ê ji̍t-thâu chiò kah âng-kì-kì, pōe-kéng koh-ū chi̍t-lia̍p goe̍h-bâi siòng ê goe̍h-niû.

[KIP] Gue̍h-niû kah leh Tshìng Înn-khoo-á-ian ê Etna suann

Sī-kóng, lí tsai-iánn ê hué-suann kám-ū huat-tōo án-ne sìⁿ? Hōo tsi̍t kuá lâng khah ì-guā ê sī, Etna hué-suann ū-tang-sî-á ē tshìng înn-khoo-á-ian. Iōng tsuan-gia̍p su̍t-gí lâi-kóng, tsit-khuán înn-khoo-á-ian tō kiò-tsò o-suân-khuân. Tse-sī in-uī hué suann-piah kā beh phùn tshut-khì ê ian-bū khah uá piah-pinn ê khì-thé sok-tōo piàn khah bān,tsō-sîng khah uá luē-pōo ê khì-thé ê siong-tuì sok-tōo piàn khah-kín. Kiat-kó hîng-sîng tsi̍t-ê kē-ap-khu, hōo phùn–tshut-lâi ê hué-suann khì-thé kah hué-suann-hu se̍h tsò tsi̍t-ê înn-khoo-á. Tse-sī tsi̍t-ê lán si̍k-sāi ê kí-hô kiat-kòo, tī i tshìng-kuân ê sî-tsūn, suah ì-guā tsiânn ún-tīng. Înn-khoo-á-ian sī tsiok hán-tit khuànn–tio̍h, su-iàu hong-tshuì ê kí-hô kiat-kòo, phùn-siā-ian ê sok-tōo, kah pîng-tsīng ê guā-pōo tāi-khì lóng phuè-ha̍p kah hó-sè-hó-sè, tsiah-ē tshut-hiān. Tsit-tiunn iánn-siōng sī 2 lé-pài tsîng tī I-tá-lī Sicily tó Gangi hip–ê, lán ē-tàng khuànn-tio̍h kuí-nā ê hué-suann phùn–tshut-lâi ê înn-khoo-á-ian. Tsit-ê kíng-sik khì hōo thinn-kng tsìn-tsîng ê ji̍t-thâu tsiò kah âng-kì-kì, puē-kíng koh-ū tsi̍t-lia̍p gue̍h-bâi siòng ê gue̍h-niû.

[English] Moon and Smoke Rings from Mt. Etna

Yes, but can your volcano do this? To the surprise of some, Mt. Etna emits, on occasion, smoke rings. Technically known as vortex rings, the walls of the volcano slightly slow the outside of emitted smoke puffs, causing the inside gas to move faster. A circle of low pressure develops so that the emitted puff of volcanic gas and ash loops around in a ring, a familiar geometric structure that can be surprisingly stable as it rises. Smoke rings are quite rare and need a coincidence of the right geometry of the vent, the right speed of ejected smoke, and the relative calmness of the outside atmosphere. In the featured image taken about two weeks ago from Gangi, Sicily, Italy, multiple volcanic smoke rings are visible. The scene is shaded by the red light of a dawn Sun, while a crescent Moon is visible in the background.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【煙箍仔】ian-kho͘-á/ian-khoo-á/煙圈/smoke ring
• 【圓箍仔煙】îⁿ-kho͘-á-ian/înn-khoo-á-ian/煙圈/smoke ring
• 【渦旋環】o-soân-khoân/o-suân-khuân/渦旋環/vortex ring
• 【火山烌】hóe-soaⁿ-hu/hué-suann-hu/火山灰/volcanic ash
• 【幾何】ki-hō/kí-hô/幾何/geometry
• 【風喙】hong-chhùi/hong-tshuì/通風口/vent
• 【月眉】goe̍h-bâi/gue̍h-bâi/眉月/crescent Moon
• 【噴射煙】phùn-siā-ian/phùn-siā-ian/噴射煙/ejected smoke