加利略四大衛星 ê 木衛二 Europa

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：Galileo’s Europa
• 影像來源：NASA, JPL-Caltech, SETI Institute, Cynthia Phillips, Marty Valenti
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NSYSU)

[漢羅] 加利略四大衛星 ê 木衛二 Europa

咱若是來看 1990 年代後半木星系統 ê 資料，就會發現 加利略太空船 有記錄著 木衛二 Europa 足精彩 ê 影像。 這粒衛星 ê 表面冰層下底有一重足深 ê 全球性海洋。 這張加利略四大衛星 ê 木衛二 Europa ê 影像資料已經 重新處理過。 這擺有改善資料校正 ê 方式，才有法度產生彩色影像。 按呢產生 ê 色彩 kah 咱目睭看著 ê 較 相-siâng。 木衛二 Europa 表面足長 ê 彎曲痕跡，暗示講遐有地下水。 這粒木星上大粒 ê 衛星，踅木星 ê 長株圓軌道 leh 行。 伊面頂 ê 潮汐作用提供能量，予伊 ê 海洋保持液體 ê 形態。 毋閣閣較 趣味 ê 是，就算是無太陽光，伊嘛是會當提供支持性命 ê 能量。 所以 木衛二 Europa 就變做是 地球 以外上有可能有性命 ê 所在。 目前 tī 木星軌道頂懸行 ê Juno 太空船，已經 ùi 這个有水 ê 世界頂懸 飛過幾若擺，kā 影像 kah Europa 是毋是適合生物徛起 ê 資料送轉來地球。 今年 10 月，NASA 就會發射 Europa 快船，開始 探索 這个有水 ê 世界矣。 太空船會飛過 Europa 50 擺，沓沓仔倚近 伊 ê 冰質地表 25 公里懸 ê 所在。

[POJ] Ka-lī-lio̍h Sù-tōa-ūi-chhiⁿ ê Bo̍k-ūi-jī Europa

Lán nā-sī lâi khòaⁿ i̍t-kiú-kiú-khòng nî-tāi āu-poàn Bo̍k-chhiⁿ-hē-thóng ê chu-liāu, to̍h ē hoat-hiān Ka-lī-lio̍h Thài-khong-chûn ū kì-lo̍k tio̍h Bo̍k-ūi-jī Europa chiok cheng-chhái ê iáⁿ-siōng. Chi̍t-lia̍p ūi-chhiⁿ ê piáu-bīn peng-chân ē-té ū chi̍t-têng chiok chhim ê choân-kiû-sèng hái-iûⁿ. Chit-tiuⁿ Ka-lī-lio̍h Sù-tōa-ūi-chhiⁿ ê Bo̍k-ūi-jī Europa ê iáⁿ-siōng chu-liāu í-keng tiông-sin chhú-lí kòe. Chit-pái ū kái-siān chu-liāu kàu-chèng ê hong-sek, chiah ū-hoat-tō͘ sán-seng chhái-sek iáⁿ-siōng. Án-ne sán-seng ê sek-chhái kah lán ba̍k-chiu khòaⁿ–tio̍h ê khah sio-siâng. Bo̍k-ūi-jī Europa piáu-bīn chiok tn̂g ê oan-khiau hûn-jiah, àm-sī kóng hiah ū tē-hā-chúi. Chit lia̍p Bo̍k-chheⁿ siōng tōa-lia̍p ê ūi-chheⁿ, se̍h Bo̍k-chheⁿ ê tn̂g-tu-îⁿ kúi-tō leh kiâⁿ. I bīn-téng ê tiau-se̍k chok-iōng thê-kiong lêng-liōng, hō͘ i ê hái-iûⁿ pó-chhî e̍k-thé ê hêng-thài. M̄-koh koh-khah chhù-bī ê sī, tō-sǹg-sī bô thài-iông-kng, i mā-sī ē-tàng thê-kiong chi-chhî sìⁿ-miā ê lêng-liōng. Só͘-í Bo̍k-ūi-jī Europa to̍h piàn-chò sī Tē-kiû ì-gōa siōng ū khó-lêng ū sìⁿ-miā ê só͘-chāi. Bo̍k-chiân tī Bo̍k-chheⁿ kúi-tō téng-koân kiâⁿ ê Juno thài-khong-chûn, í-keng ùi chit-ê ū chúi ê sè-kài téng-koân poe-kòe kúi-nā pái, kā iáⁿ-siōng kah Europa sī-m̄-sī sek-ha̍p seng-bu̍t khiā-khí ê chu-liāu sàng tńg-lâi Tē-kiû. Kin-nî 10 goe̍h, NASA to̍h ē hoat-siā Europa khoài-chûn, khai-sí thàm-soh chit-ê ū chúi ê sè-kài–ah. Thài-khong-chûn ē poe-kòe Europa 50 pái, tau̍h-tau̍h-á óa-kīn i ê peng-chit tē-piáu 25 kong-lí koân ê só͘-chāi.

[KIP] Ka-lī-lio̍h Sù-tuā-uī-tshinn ê Bo̍k-uī-jī Europa

Lán nā-sī lâi khuànn i̍t-kiú-kiú-khòng nî-tāi āu-puàn Bo̍k-tshinn-hē-thóng ê tsu-liāu, to̍h ē huat-hiān Ka-lī-lio̍h Thài-khong-tsûn ū kì-lo̍k tio̍h Bo̍k-uī-jī Europa tsiok tsing-tshái ê iánn-siōng. Tsi̍t-lia̍p uī-tshinn ê piáu-bīn ping-tsân ē-té ū tsi̍t-tîng tsiok tshim ê tsuân-kiû-sìng hái-iûnn. Tsit-tiunn Ka-lī-lio̍h Sù-tuā-uī-tshinn ê Bo̍k-uī-jī Europa ê iánn-siōng tsu-liāu í-king tiông-sin tshú-lí kuè. Tsit-pái ū kái-siān tsu-liāu kàu-tsìng ê hong-sik, tsiah ū-huat-tōo sán-sing tshái-sik iánn-siōng. Án-ne sán-sing ê sik-tshái kah lán ba̍k-tsiu khuànn–tio̍h ê khah sio-siâng. Bo̍k-uī-jī Europa piáu-bīn tsiok tn̂g ê uan-khiau hûn-jiah, àm-sī kóng hiah ū tē-hā-tsuí. Tsit lia̍p Bo̍k-tshenn siōng tuā-lia̍p ê uī-tshenn, se̍h Bo̍k-tshenn ê tn̂g-tu-înn kuí-tō leh kiânn. I bīn-tíng ê tiau-si̍k tsok-iōng thê-kiong lîng-liōng, hōo i ê hái-iûnn pó-tshî i̍k-thé ê hîng-thài. M̄-koh koh-khah tshù-bī ê sī, tō-sǹg-sī bô thài-iông-kng, i mā-sī ē-tàng thê-kiong tsi-tshî sìnn-miā ê lîng-liōng. Sóo-í Bo̍k-uī-jī Europa to̍h piàn-tsò sī Tē-kiû ì-guā siōng ū khó-lîng ū sìnn-miā ê sóo-tsāi. Bo̍k-tsiân tī Bo̍k-tshenn kuí-tō tíng-kuân kiânn ê Juno thài-khong-tsûn, í-king uì tsit-ê ū tsuí ê sè-kài tíng-kuân pue-kuè kuí-nā pái, kā iánn-siōng kah Europa sī-m̄-sī sik-ha̍p sing-bu̍t khiā-khí ê tsu-liāu sàng tńg-lâi Tē-kiû. Kin-nî 10 gue̍h, NASA to̍h ē huat-siā Europa khuài-tsûn, khai-sí thàm-soh tsit-ê ū tsuí ê sè-kài–ah. Thài-khong-tsûn ē pue-kuè Europa 50 pái, ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á uá-kīn i ê ping-tsit tē-piáu 25 kong-lí kuân ê sóo-tsāi.

[English] Galileo’s Europa

Looping through the Jovian system in the late 1990s, the Galileo spacecraft recorded stunning views of Europa and uncovered evidence that the moon’s icy surface likely hides a deep, global ocean. Galileo’s Europa image data has been remastered here, with improved calibrations to produce a color image approximating what the human eye might see. Europa’s long curving fractures hint at the subsurface liquid water. The tidal flexing the large moon experiences in its elliptical orbit around Jupiter supplies the energy to keep the ocean liquid. But more tantalizing is the possibility that even in the absence of sunlight that process could also supply the energy to support life, making Europa one of the best places to look for life beyond Earth. The Juno spacecraft currently in Jovian orbit has also made repeated flybys of the water world, returning images along with data exploring Europa’s habitability. This October will see the launch of the NASA’s Europa Clipper on a voyage of exploration. The spacecraft will make nearly 50 flybys, approaching to within 25 kilometers of Europa’s icy surface.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【加利略四大衛星】Ka-lī-lio̍h Sù-tōa-ūi-chhiⁿ/Ka-lī-lio̍h Sù-tuā-uī-tshinn/加利略四大衛星/Galileon moon
• 【加利略太空船】Ka-lī-lio̍h thài-khong-chûn/Ka-lī-lio̍h thài-khong-tsûn/加利略太空船/Galileo spacecraft
• 【木星系統】Bo̍k-chhiⁿ hē-thóng/Bo̍k-tshinn hē-thóng/木星系統/Jovian system
• 【潮汐作用】tiâu-se̍k chok-iōng/tiâu-si̍k tsok-iōng/潮汐作用/tidal force
• 【長株圓軌道】tn̂g-tu-îⁿ kúi-tō/tn̂g-tu-înn kuí-tō/橢圓軌道/elliptical orbit
• 【液體】e̍k-thé/i̍k-thé/液體/liquid
• 【極地】ke̍k-tē/ki̍k-tē/極地/extreme environment
• 【Juno 太空船】Juno thài-khong-chûn/Juno thài-khong-tsûn/朱諾號太空船/Juno spacecraft
• 【Europa 快船】Europa khoài-chûn/Europa khuài-tsûn/木衛二快船/Europa Clipper