紐西蘭天頂 ê 穩定極光紅弧

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：A SAR Arc from New Zealand
• 影像來源 kah 版權：Tristian McDonald; 文稿：Tiffany Lewis (Michigan Tech U.)
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NSYSU)

[漢羅] 紐西蘭天頂 ê 穩定極光紅弧

這个踅 tī 極光邊仔無四常 ê 紅光是啥物？ 伊是 穩定極光紅弧 SAR。 SAR 弧 是真罕得看著，是 1954 年才知影，開始研究--ê。 這張 闊幅相片 是 這個月初 tī 紐西蘭 Poolburn 發生一場足強 ê 地磁風暴 ê 時陣翕著--ê。 有翕著完整 ê SAR 弧，kā 較捷看著 ê 青色 kah 紅色 極光 包 tī 內底。 是講 SAR 弧 是按怎會形成，到今猶是一个 研究主題，毋過伊真有可能 kah 保護地球 ê 磁場 有關係，磁場是 地球 內部 熔去 ê 鐵 流動產生--ê。 這个磁場通常會 kā ùi 太陽風紮來 ê 紮電粒子 引導到地球 ê 南北極。 毋過，伊嘛會 tī 赤道附近箍 一輾離子，等 太陽活動 較激烈 ê 時陣，就會當 ùi 磁層 提著能量。 這个 離子環 內底 ê 高能電子，會 kah 比 地球電離層 內底普通 極光 較懸 ê 酸素相挵，激發酸素發出紅光。 這馬咧進行 ê 研究，有揣著證據講，SAR 弧 會當轉變做 茄仔色 kah 青色 ê STEVE 極光。 STEVE ê 全名是「速度增加的強熱輻射」。

[POJ] Niú-se-lân thiⁿ-téng ê Ún-tēng ke̍k-kng Âng-hô͘

Chit-ê se̍h tī ke̍k-kng piⁿ-á bô sù-siông ê âng-kng sī siáⁿ-mih? I sī Ún-tēng ke̍k-kng Âng-hô͘ SAR. SAR hô͘ sī chin hán-tit khòaⁿ--tio̍h, sī 1954 nî chiah chai-iáⁿ, khai-sí gián-kiù--ê. Chit-tiuⁿ khoah-pak siòng-phìⁿ sī chit kò goe̍h-chhe tī Niú-se-lân Poolburn hoat-seng chi̍t tiûⁿ chiok kiông ê tē-chû hong-pō ê sî-chūn hip-tio̍h--ê. Ū hip-tio̍h oân-chéng ê SAR hô͘, kā khah chia̍p khòaⁿ-tio̍h ê chheⁿ-sek kah âng-sek ke̍k-kng pau tī lāi-té. Sī-kóng SAR hô͘ sī-án-chóaⁿ ē hêng-sêng, kàu-taⁿ iáu-sī chi̍t-ê gián-kiù chú-tê, m̄-koh i chin ū khó-lêng kah pó-hō͘ Tē-kiû ê chû-tiûⁿ ū koan-hē, chû-tiûⁿ sī Tē-kiû lōe-pō͘ iûⁿ khì ê thih liû-tōng sán-seng--ê. Chit-ê chû-tiûⁿ thong-siông ē kā ùi thài-iông-hong chah--lâi ê chah tiān lia̍p-chú ín-tō kàu Tè-kiû ê lâm-pak-ke̍k. M̄-koh, i mā ē tī chhek-tō hù-kīn kho͘ chi̍t liàn lî-chú, tán Thài-iông oa̍h-tāng khah kek-lia̍t ê sî-chūn, to̍h ē-tàng ùi chû-chân the̍h-tio̍h lêng-liōng. Chit-ê lî-chú-khoân lāi-té ê ko-lêng tiān-chú, ē kah pí Tē-kiû tiān-lî-chân lāi-té phó͘-thong ke̍k-kng khah koân ê sàng-sò͘ sio-lòng, kek-hoat sàng-sò͘ hoat-chhut âng-kng. Chit-má leh chìn-hêng ê gián-kiù, ū chhōe-tio̍h chèng-kì kóng, SAR hô͘ ē-tàng choán-piàn-chò kiô-á-sek kah chheⁿ-sek ê STEVE ke̍k-kng. STEVE ê choân miâ sī "Sok-tō͘ Cheng-ka ê kiông Jia̍t-hok-siā".

[KIP] Niú-se-lân thinn-tíng ê Ún-tīng ki̍k-kng Âng-hôo

Tsit-ê se̍h tī ki̍k-kng pinn-á bô sù-siông ê âng-kng sī siánn-mih? I sī Ún-tīng ki̍k-kng Âng-hôo SAR. SAR hôo sī tsin hán-tit khuànn--tio̍h, sī 1954 nî tsiah tsai-iánn, khai-sí gián-kiù--ê. Tsit-tiunn khuah-pak siòng-phìnn sī tsit kò gue̍h-tshe tī Niú-se-lân Poolburn huat-sing tsi̍t tiûnn tsiok kiông ê tē-tsû hong-pō ê sî-tsūn hip-tio̍h--ê. Ū hip-tio̍h uân-tsíng ê SAR hôo, kā khah tsia̍p khuànn-tio̍h ê tshenn-sik kah âng-sik ki̍k-kng pau tī lāi-té. Sī-kóng SAR hôo sī-án-tsuánn ē hîng-sîng, kàu-tann iáu-sī tsi̍t-ê gián-kiù tsú-tê, m̄-koh i tsin ū khó-lîng kah pó-hōo Tē-kiû ê tsû-tiûnn ū kuan-hē, tsû-tiûnn sī Tē-kiû luē-pōo iûnn khì ê thih liû-tōng sán-sing--ê. Tsit-ê tsû-tiûnn thong-siông ē kā uì thài-iông-hong tsah--lâi ê tsah tiān lia̍p-tsú ín-tō kàu Tè-kiû ê lâm-pak-ki̍k. M̄-koh, i mā ē tī tshik-tō hù-kīn khoo tsi̍t liàn lî-tsú, tán Thài-iông ua̍h-tāng khah kik-lia̍t ê sî-tsūn, to̍h ē-tàng uì tsû-tsân the̍h-tio̍h lîng-liōng. Tsit-ê lî-tsú-khuân lāi-té ê ko-lîng tiān-tsú, ē kah pí Tē-kiû tiān-lî-tsân lāi-té phóo-thong ki̍k-kng khah kuân ê sàng-sòo sio-lòng, kik-huat sàng-sòo huat-tshut âng-kng. Tsit-má leh tsìn-hîng ê gián-kiù, ū tshuē-tio̍h tsìng-kì kóng, SAR hôo ē-tàng tsuán-piàn-tsò kiô-á-sik kah tshenn-sik ê STEVE ki̍k-kng. STEVE ê tsuân miâ sī "Sok-tōo Tsing-ka ê kiông Jia̍t-hok-siā".

[English] A SAR Arc from New Zealand

What is that unusual red halo surrounding this aurora? It is a Stable Auroral Red (SAR) arc. SAR arcs are rare and have only been acknowledged and studied since 1954. The featured wide-angle photograph, capturing nearly an entire SAR arc surrounding more common green and red aurora, was taken earlier this month from Poolburn, New Zealand, during an especially energetic geomagnetic storm. Why SAR arcs form remains a topic of research, but is likely related to Earth's protective magnetic field, a field created by molten iron flowing deep inside the Earth. This magnetic field usually redirects incoming charged particles from the Sun's wind toward the Earth's poles. However, it also traps a ring of ions closer to the equator, where they can gain energy from the magnetosphere during high solar activity. The energetic electrons in this ion ring can collide with and excite oxygen higher in Earth's ionosphere than typical auroras, causing the oxygen to glow red. Ongoing research has uncovered evidence that a red SAR arc can even transform into a purple and green STEVE.

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