金字塔山 天頂 ê 北斗星

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：Big Dipper over Pyramid Mountain
• 影像來源 kah 版權：Steve Cullen
• 夜空網路：APOD editor to review coolest space images of 2023
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NSYSU)

[漢羅] 金字塔山 天頂 ê 北斗星

你是當時開始會曉認這陣星–ê？ 雖罔講 in 是全世界足濟人攏足熟 ê 一陣星，毋過 無仝文化會予伊無仝意象、產生無仝傳說。 美國 kā 伊叫做 大支湯匙，咱 kā 叫做北斗星。 這陣星是 國際天文聯合會 tī 1992年 ê 時陣定義 ê 大熊座 ê 一部份。 其他星 ùi 倒爿到正爿是，搖光、開陽、玉衡、天權、天璣、天璇 kah 天樞。 是講，星座 內底 ê 星，物理上無一定 有關連。 毋過 較意外 ê 是，北斗星大部份 ê 成員看起來有仝款 ê 運動 方向，閣較大範圍內底 ê 天體 mā 是按呢。 咱 量著 in 有共同運動，表示講這是一个 tī 咱附近、櫳櫳 ê 星團，kah 咱 ê 平均距離差不多是 75 光年 遠、大細 30 光年闊。 這个星團較有名 ê 名是 大熊座徙動星群。 這張相片 是 2017年 tī 加拿大 Alberta 省 金字塔山 翕–ê，天頂這寡天體就是北斗星。

[POJ] Kim-jī-thah-soaⁿ thiⁿ-téng ê Pak-táu-chheⁿ

Lí sī tang-sî khai-sí ē-hiáu līn chit-tīn chheⁿ–ê? Sui-bóng kóng in sī choân-sè-kài chiok chē lâng lóng chok se̍k ê chi̍t-tīn chheⁿ, m̄-koh bô-kâng bûn-hòa ē hō͘ i bô-kâng ì-siōng, sán-seng bô-kâng thoân-soat. Bí-kok kā i kiò-chò Tōa-ki Thng-sî, lán kā kiò-chò Pak-táu-chheⁿ. Chit-tīn chheⁿ sī Kok-chè Thian-bûn Liân-ha̍p-hōe tī 1992 nî ê sî-chūn tēng-gī ê Tōa-hîm-chō ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn. Kî-thaⁿ chheⁿ ùi tò-pêng kàu chiàⁿ-pêng sī, Iô-kong, Khai-iông, Gio̍k-hêng, Thian-khoân, Thian-ki, Thian-soân kah Thian-su. Sī-kóng, seng-chō lāi-té ê chheⁿ, bu̍t-lí siōng bô-it-tēng ū koan-liân. M̄-koh khah ì-gōa ê sī, Pak-táu-chheⁿ tōa-pō͘-hūn ê sêng-oân khòaⁿ–khí-lâi ū kāng-khoán ê ūn-tōng hong-hiòng, koh-khah tōa hoān-ûi lāi-té ê thian-thé mā-sī án-ne. Lán niû-tio̍h in ū kiōng-tông ūn-tōng, piáu-sī kóng che-sī chi̍t-ê tī lán hù-kīn, lang-lang ê seng-thoân, kah lán ê pêng-kin kū-lī chha-put-to sī 75 kng-nî hn̄g, tōa-sè 30 kng-nî khoah. Chit-ê seng-thoân khah ū-miâ ê miâ sī Tōa-hîm-chō Sóa-tāng Seng-kûn. Chit-tiuⁿ siòng-phìⁿ sī 2017 nî tī Ka-ná-tà Alberta séng Kim-jī-thah-soaⁿ hip–ê, thiⁿ-téng chit kóa thian-thé tio̍h-sī Pak-táu-chheⁿ.

[KIP] Kim-jī-thah-suann thinn-tíng ê Pak-táu-tshenn

Lí sī tang-sî khai-sí ē-hiáu līn tsit-tīn tshenn–ê? Sui-bóng kóng in sī tsuân-sè-kài tsiok tsē lâng lóng tsok si̍k ê tsi̍t-tīn tshenn, m̄-koh bô-kâng bûn-huà ē hōo i bô-kâng ì-siōng, sán-sing bô-kâng thuân-suat. Bí-kok kā i kiò-tsò Tuā-ki Thng-sî, lán kā kiò-tsò Pak-táu-tshenn. Tsit-tīn tshenn sī Kok-tsè Thian-bûn Liân-ha̍p-huē tī 1992 nî ê sî-tsūn tīng-gī ê Tuā-hîm-tsō ê tsi̍t-pōo-hūn. Kî-thann tshenn uì tò-pîng kàu tsiànn-pîng sī, Iô-kong, Khai-iông, Gio̍k-hîng, Thian-khuân, Thian-ki, Thian-suân kah Thian-su. Sī-kóng, sing-tsō lāi-té ê tshenn, bu̍t-lí siōng bô-it-tīng ū kuan-liân. M̄-koh khah ì-guā ê sī, Pak-táu-tshenn tuā-pōo-hūn ê sîng-uân khuànn–khí-lâi ū kāng-khuán ê ūn-tōng hong-hiòng, koh-khah tuā huān-uî lāi-té ê thian-thé mā-sī án-ne. Lán niû-tio̍h in ū kiōng-tông ūn-tōng, piáu-sī kóng tse-sī tsi̍t-ê tī lán hù-kīn, lang-lang ê sing-thuân, kah lán ê pîng-kin kū-lī tsha-put-to sī 75 kng-nî hn̄g, tuā-sè 30 kng-nî khuah. Tsit-ê sing-thuân khah ū-miâ ê miâ sī Tuā-hîm-tsō Suá-tāng Sing-kûn. Tsit-tiunn siòng-phìnn sī 2017 nî tī Ka-ná-tà Alberta síng Kim-jī-thah-suann hip–ê, thinn-tíng tsit kuá thian-thé tio̍h-sī Pak-táu-tshenn.

[English] Big Dipper over Pyramid Mountain

When did you first learn to identify this group of stars? Although they are familiar to many people around the world, different cultures have associated this asterism with different icons and folklore. Known in the USA as the Big Dipper, the stars are part of a constellation designated by the International Astronomical Union in 1922 as the Great Bear (Ursa Major). The recognized star names of these stars are (left to right) Alkaid, Mizar/Alcor, Alioth, Megrez, Phecda, Merak, and Dubhe. Of course, stars in any given constellation are unlikely to be physically related. But surprisingly, most of the Big Dipper stars do seem to be headed in the same direction as they plough through space, a property they share with other stars spread out over an even larger area across the sky. Their measured common motion suggests that they all belong to a loose, nearby star cluster, thought to be on average only about 75 light-years away and up to 30 light-years across. The cluster is more properly known as the Ursa Major Moving Group. The featured image captured the iconic stars in 2017 above Pyramid Mountain in Alberta, Canada.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【北斗星】Pak-táu-chheⁿ/Pak-táu-tshenn/北斗七星/Big Dipper
• 【大熊座】Tōa-hîm-chō/Tuā-hîm-tsō/大熊座/Ursa Major
• 【國際天文聯合會】Kok-chè Thian-bûn Liân-ha̍p-hōe/Kok-tsè Thian-bûn Liân-ha̍p-huē/國際天文聯合會/International Astronomical Union (IAU)
• 【星群】seng-kûn/sing-kûn/星群/asterism
• 【星團】seng-thoân/sing-thuân/星團/star cluster
• 【搖光】Iô-kong/Iô-kong/搖光/Alkaid
• 【開陽】Khai-iông/Khai-iông/開陽/Mizar and Alcor
• 【玉衡】Gio̍k-hêng/Gio̍k-hîng/玉衡/Alioth
• 【天權】Thian-khoân/Thian-khuân/天權/Megrez
• 【天璣】Thian-ki/Thian-ki/天璣/天權、Phecda
• 【天璇】Thian-soân/Thian-suân/天璇/天璣、Merak
• 【天樞】Thian-su/Thian-su/天樞/Dubhe
• 【大熊座徙動星群】Tōa-hîm-chō Sóa-tāng Seng-kûn/Tuā-hîm-tsō Suá-tāng Sing-kûn/大熊座移動星群/Ursa Major Moving Group