高能粒子挵著地球

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：Energetic Particle Strikes the Earth
• 插圖來源：Osaka Metropolitan U./L-INSIGHT, Kyoto U./Ryuunosuke Takeshige
• 開放科學：Browse 3,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NSYSU)

[漢羅] 高能粒子挵著地球

這是目前為止咱所知影挵地球 能量上懸 ê 粒子之一。 毋過伊是 ùi 佗位來–ê？ 這粒粒子 ê 名是 天照，是日本 神道教 太陽女神 ê 名。 伊佮所有挵 地球大氣 ê 宇宙線 仝款，會造成電子、質子、佮其他 基本粒子 ê 空氣射叢，就是粒子西北雨 ê 意思，噴到地球面頂。 這張插圖 內底 ê 宇宙線 ê 空氣射叢，挵著 美國 猶他州 ê 望遠鏡陣列。 這就紀錄佇 2021 年 5 月 ê 「天照事件」中。 宇宙線空氣射叢是定定有，你嘛可能去予這款事件 ê 粒子噴過，毋過你可能無感覺。 這款高能粒子 ê 源頭可能是 原子核，這个 謎題 有留兩个線索落來。 第一，咱毋知影粒子抑是原子核是按怎提著遮爾懸 ê 能量。 第二，科學家捌追蹤這寡粒子，看有法度揣著 in ùi佗位來–ê。 毋過無揣著可能 ê 來源。

[POJ] Ko-lêng lia̍p-chú lòng-tio̍h Tē-kiû

Che-sī bo̍k-chêng ûi-chí lán só͘ chai-iáⁿ lòng tē-kiû lêng-liōng siōng koân ê lia̍p-chú chi-it. M̄-koh i sī ùi tó-ūi lâi–ê? Chit lia̍p lia̍p-chú ê miâ sī Thian-chiàu, sī Ji̍t-pún sîn-tō-kàu Thài-iông lú-sîn ê miâ. I kah só͘-ū lòng Tē-kiû tāi-khì ê ú-tiū-sòaⁿ kāng-khoán, ē chō-sêng tiān-chú, chit-chú, kah kî-thaⁿ ki-pún lia̍p-chú ê khong-khì siā-châng, to̍h sī lia̍p-chú sai-pak-hō͘ ê ì-sù, phùn kàu Tē-kiû bīn-téng. Chit-tiuⁿ chhah-tô͘ lāi-té ê ú-tiū-sòaⁿ ê khong-khì siā-châng, lòng-tio̍h Bí-kok Iû-tha chiu ê Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ Tīn-lia̍t. Che to̍h kì-lo̍k tī 2021 nî 5 goe̍h ê “Thian-chiàu sū-kiāⁿ” tiong. Ú-tiū-sòaⁿ khong-khì siā-châng sī tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ ū, lí mā khó-lêng khì hō͘ chit-khoán sū-kiāⁿ ê lia̍p-chú phùn– kòe, m̄-koh lí khó-lêng bô kám-kak. Chit-khoán ko-lêng lia̍p-chú ê goân-thâu khó-lêng sī goân-chú-he̍k, chit-ê bē-tê ū lâu nn̄g-ê sòaⁿ-soh lo̍h-lâi. Tē-it, lán m̄-chai-iáⁿ lia̍p-chú ia̍h-sī goân-chú-he̍k sī-án-chóaⁿ the̍h-tio̍h chiah-nī koân ê lêng-liōng. Tē-jī, kho-ha̍k-ka bat tui-chong chit kóa lia̍p-chú, khòaⁿ ū-hoat-tō͘ chhōe-tio̍h in ùi tó-ūi lâi–ê. M̄-koh bô chhōe tio̍h khó-lêng ê lâi-goân.

[KIP] Ko-lîng lia̍p-tsú lòng-tio̍h Tē-kiû

Tse-sī bo̍k-tsîng uî-tsí lán sóo tsai-iánn lòng tē-kiû lîng-liōng siōng kuân ê lia̍p-tsú tsi-it. M̄-koh i sī uì tó-uī lâi–ê? Tsit lia̍p lia̍p-tsú ê miâ sī Thian-tsiàu, sī Ji̍t-pún sîn-tō-kàu Thài-iông lú-sîn ê miâ. I kah sóo-ū lòng Tē-kiû tāi-khì ê ú-tiū-suànn kāng-khuán, ē tsō-sîng tiān-tsú, tsit-tsú, kah kî-thann ki-pún lia̍p-tsú ê khong-khì siā-tsâng, to̍h sī lia̍p-tsú sai-pak-hōo ê ì-sù, phùn kàu Tē-kiû bīn-tíng. Tsit-tiunn tshah-tôo lāi-té ê ú-tiū-suànn ê khong-khì siā-tsâng, lòng-tio̍h Bí-kok Iû-tha tsiu ê Bōng-uán-kiànn Tīn-lia̍t. Tse to̍h kì-lo̍k tī 2021 nî 5 gue̍h ê “Thian-tsiàu sū-kiānn” tiong. Ú-tiū-suànn khong-khì siā-tsâng sī tiānn-tiānn ū, lí mā khó-lîng khì hōo tsit-khuán sū-kiānn ê lia̍p-tsú phùn– kuè, m̄-koh lí khó-lîng bô kám-kak. Tsit-khuán ko-lîng lia̍p-tsú ê guân-thâu khó-lîng sī guân-tsú-hi̍k, tsit-ê bē-tê ū lâu nn̄g-ê suànn-soh lo̍h-lâi. Tē-it, lán m̄-tsai-iánn lia̍p-tsú ia̍h-sī guân-tsú-hi̍k sī-án-tsuánn the̍h-tio̍h tsiah-nī kuân ê lîng-liōng. Tē-jī, kho-ha̍k-ka bat tui-tsong tsit kuá lia̍p-tsú, khuànn ū-huat-tōo tshuē-tio̍h in uì tó-uī lâi–ê. M̄-koh bô tshuē tio̍h khó-lîng ê lâi-guân.

[English] Energetic Particle Strikes the Earth

It was one of the most energetic particles ever known to strike the Earth – but where did it come from? Dubbed Amaterasu after the Shinto sun goddess, this particle, as do all cosmic rays that strike the Earth’s atmosphere, caused an air shower of electrons, protons, and other elementary particles to spray down onto the Earth below. In the featured illustration, a cosmic ray air shower is pictured striking the Telescope Array in Utah, USA, which recorded the Amaterasu event in 2021 May. Cosmic ray air showers are common enough that you likely have been in a particle spray yourself, although you likely wouldn’t have noticed. The origin of this energetic particle, likely the nucleus of an atom, remains a mystery in two ways. First, it is not known how any single particle or atomic nucleus can practically acquire so much energy, and second, attempts to trace the particle back to where it originated did not indicate any likely potential source.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【高能粒子】khó-lêng lia̍p-chú/khó-lîng lia̍p-tsú/高能粒子/energetic particles
• 【宇宙線】ú-tiū-sòaⁿ/ú-tiū-suànn/宇宙線/cosmic ray
• 【天照粒子】Thian-chiàu lia̍p-chú/Thian-tsiàu lia̍p-tsú/天照粒子/Amaterasu particle
• 【電子】tiān-chú/tiān-tsú/電子/electron
• 【質子】chit-chú/tsit-tsú/質子/proton
• 【基本粒子】ki-pún lia̍p-chú/ki-pún lia̍p-tsú/基本粒子/elementary particles
• 【空氣射叢】khong-khì siā-châng/khong-khì siā-tsâng/空氣射叢/air shower
• 【粒子西北雨】lia̍p-chú sai-pak-hō͘/lia̍p-tsú sai-pak-hōo/空氣射叢/air shower
• 【天照事件】Thian-chiàu sū-kiāⁿ/Thian-tsiàu sū-kiānn/天照事件/Amaterasu event
• 【原子核】goân-chú-he̍k/guân-tsú-hi̍k/原子核/atom nucleus
• 【望遠鏡陣列】Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ Tīn-lia̍t/Bōng-uán-kiànn Tīn-lia̍t/望遠鏡陣列/Telescope Array