M1：驚死人 ê 脹大星雲 毛蟹星雲

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：M1: The Incredible Expanding Crab
• 影像來源：NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI; Jeff Hester (ASU), Allison Loll (ASU), Tea Temim (Princeton University)
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NSYSU)

[漢羅] M1：驚死人 ê 脹大星雲 毛蟹星雲

毛蟹星雲 是 彼个有名 ê Charles Messier 星表 ê 頭一粒天體。 伊 ê 編號是 M1，毋是彗星。 實際上，咱這馬知影 毛蟹星雲 是一个 超新星殘骸，是懸質量恆星死亡爆炸了後產生 ê 脹大星雲 ê 雲屑仔。 天文學家 tī 1054 年 ê 時陣有看著這个激烈出世 ê 毛蟹星雲。 這个星雲 ê 直徑差不多有 10 光年，伊 ê 脹大 速度 是一秒鐘 1500 公里。 你若是比較 Hubble 太空望遠鏡 kah James Webb 太空望遠鏡 ê 清楚影像，就會發現 伊咧脹大。 2005 年 Hubble 太空望遠鏡 ê 可見光波段 kah 2023 年 Webb 太空望遠鏡 ê 紅外光波段，有翕著毛蟹星雲 ê 雲屑仔 kah 雲絲 ê 活動。 這隻宇宙甲殼類動物，就 tī 金牛座 方向差不多 6500 光年遠 ê 所在。

[POJ]M1: Kiaⁿ-sí-lâng ê tiùⁿ-tōa seng-hûn Mô͘-hē Seng-hûn

Mô͘-hē Seng-hûn sī hit-ê ū-miâ ê Charles Messier seng-pió ê thâu-chi̍t-lia̍p thian-thé. I ê pian-hō sī M1, m̄-sī hūi chheⁿ. Si̍t-chè-siōng, lán chit-má chai-iáⁿ Mô͘-hē Seng-hûn sī chi̍t-ê chhiau-sin-seng chân-hâi, sī koân chit-liōng hêng-chheⁿ sí-bông po̍k-chà liáu-āu sán-seng ê tiùⁿ-tōa seng-hûn ê hûn-sap-á. Thian-bûn ha̍k-ka tī 1054 nî ê sî-chūn ū khòaⁿ-tio̍h chit-ê kek-lia̍t chhut-sì ê Mô͘-hē Seng-hûn. Chit-ê seng-hûn ê ti̍t-kèng chha-put-to ū 10 kng-nî, i ê tiùⁿ-tōa sok-tō͘ sī chi̍t bió-cheng 1500 kong-lí. Lí nā-sī pí-kàu Hubble Thài-khong Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ kah James Webb Thài-khong Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ ê chheng-chhó iáⁿ-siōng, to̍h ē hoat-hiān i leh tiùⁿ-tōa. 2005 nî Hubble Thài-khong Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ ê khó-kiàn-kng pho-tōaⁿ kah 2023 nî Webb Thài-khong Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ ê âng-gōa-kng pho-tōaⁿ, ū hip-tio̍h Mô͘-hē Seng-hûn ê hûn-sap-á kah hûn-si ê oa̍h-tāng. Chit chiah ú-tiū kah-khak-lūi tōng-bu̍t, to̍h tī Kim-gû-chō hong-hiòng chha-put-to 6500 kng-nî hn̄g ê só͘-chāi.

[KIP] M1: Kiann-sí-lâng ê tiùnn-tuā sing-hûn Môo-hē Sing-hûn

Môo-hē Sing-hûn sī hit-ê ū-miâ ê Charles Messier sing-pió ê thâu-tsi̍t-lia̍p thian-thé. I ê pian-hō sī M, m̄-sī huī tshenn. Si̍t-tsè-siōng, lán tsit-má tsai-iánn Môo-hē Sing-hûn sī tsi̍t-ê tshiau-sin-sing tsân-hâi, sī kuân tsit-liōng hîng-tshenn sí-bông po̍k-tsà liáu-āu sán-sing ê tiùnn-tuā sing-hûn ê hûn-sap-á. Thian-bûn ha̍k-ka tī 1054 nî ê sî-tsūn ū khuànn-tio̍h tsit-ê kik-lia̍t tshut-sì ê Môo-hē Sing-hûn. Tsit-ê sing-hûn ê ti̍t-kìng tsha-put-to ū 10 kng-nî, i ê tiùnn-tuā sok-tōo sī tsi̍t bió-tsing 1500 kong-lí. Lí nā-sī pí-kàu Hubble Thài-khong Bōng-uán-kiànn kah James Webb Thài-khong Bōng-uán-kiànn ê tshing-tshó iánn-siōng, to̍h ē huat-hiān i leh tiùnn-tuā. 2005 nî Hubble Thài-khong Bōng-uán-kiànn ê khó-kìan-kng pho-tuānn kah 2023 nî Webb Thài-khong Bōng-uán-kiànn ê âng-guā-kng pho-tuānn, ū hip-tio̍h Môo-hē Sing-hûn ê hûn-sap-á kah hûn-si ê ua̍h-tāng. Tsit tsiah ú-tiū kah-khak-luī tōng-bu̍t, to̍h tī Kim-gû-tsō hong-hiòng tsha-put-to 6500 kng-nî hn̄g ê sóo-tsāi.

[English] M1: The Incredible Expanding Crab

Cataloged as M1, the Crab Nebula is the first on Charles Messier’s famous list of things which are not comets. In fact, the Crab Nebula is now known to be a supernova remnant, an expanding cloud of debris from the death explosion of a massive star. The violent birth of the Crab was witnessed by astronomers in the year 1054. Roughly 10 light-years across, the nebula is still expanding at a rate of about 1,500 kilometers per second. You can see the expansion by comparing these sharp images from the Hubble Space Telescope and James Webb Space Telescope. The Crab’s dynamic, fragmented filaments were captured in visible light by Hubble in 2005 and Webb in infrared light in 2023. This cosmic crustacean lies about 6,500 light-years away in the constellation Taurus.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【毛蟹星雲】Mô͘-hē-seng-hûn/Môo-hē-sing-hûn/蟹狀星雲/the Crab Nebula
• 【超新星殘骸】chhiau-sin-seng chân-hâi/tshiau-sin-sing tsân-hâi/超新星殘骸/supernova remnant
• 【James Webb 太空望遠鏡】James Webb Thài-khong Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ/James Webb Thài-khong Bōng-uán-kiànn/詹姆斯韋伯太空望遠鏡/James Webb Space Telescope
• 【Hubble 太空望遠鏡】Hubble Thài-khong Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ/Hubble Thài-khong Bōng-uán-kiànn/哈伯太空望遠鏡/Hubble Space Telescope
• 【金牛座】Kim-gû-chō/Kim-gû-tsō/金牛座/Taurus
• 【甲殼類】Kah-khak-lūi/Kah-khak-luī/甲殼類/crustacean
• 【雲屑仔】hûn-sap-á/hûn-sap-á/碎片/fragment
• 【雲絲】hûn-si/hûn-si/絲狀結構/filament
• 【可見光】khó-kiàn-kng/khó-kiàn-kng/可見光/visible light
• 【紅外光】âng-gōa-kng/âng-guā-kng/紅外光/infrared light