Edwin Hubble 發現宇宙

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：Edwin Hubble Discovers the Universe
• 影像來源 kah 版權：致謝 Carnegie Institution for Science
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NSYSU)

[漢羅] Edwin Hubble 發現宇宙

咱 ê 宇宙是有偌大？ 這个問題 tī 1920 年代，是 所有天文問題內底，2 个上有名 ê 天文學家 leh 諍 ê 問題，這就是歷史上有名 ê「天文大辯論」。 有足濟天文學家相信講，咱 ê 銀河系 就是規个宇宙。 毋過其他天文學家認為，咱 ê 銀河系 是所有星系內底 ê 其中一个。 Tī「大辯論」內底，每一个論點攏講甲足詳細–ê，毋過無共識。 這个答案一直到 3 年後，tī 仙女座星雲 內底揣著一粒變光星，才解決。 這張相片就是證明這个答案 ê 原始玻璃底片，經過數位方式重新處理 ê 結果。 Edwin Hubble 比較無仝張影像，注意著這个 光點 ê 強度會變化，煞 tī 1923 年 10 月 6 號 ê 時陣，tī 玻璃底片頂懸寫一字「變！(VAR!)」。 Hubble 知影上好 ê 解說就是，這个光點是 tī 遙遠所在 ê 變光星。 所以 M31 應該是 仙女座星系 才著，可能 kah 咱銀河系有成。 這張 tī 100 年前做記號 ê 影像可能毋是蓋媠，毋過變光星 ê 紀錄 拍開人類智識 ê 窗仔門。 這是頭一擺咱知影講，咱 ê 宇宙是大甲毋是款。

[POJ] Edwin Hubble hoat-hiān Ú-tiū

Lán ê ú-tiū sī ū gōa tōa? Chit-ê būn-tê tī 1920 nî-tāi, sī só͘-ū thian-bûn būn-tê lāi-té, 2 ê siōng ū-miâ ê thian-bûn ha̍k-ka leh chiⁿ ê būn-tê, che tio̍h-sī le̍k-sú-siōng ū-miâ ê “Thian-bûn Tōa-piān-lūn”. Ū chiok chē thian-bûn ha̍k-ka siong-sìn kóng, lán ê Gîn-hô-hē to̍h-sī kui-ê ú-tiū. M̄-koh kî-thaⁿ thian-bûn ha̍k-ka jīn-ûi, lán ê Gîn-hô-hē sī só͘-ū seng-hē lāi-té ê kî-tiong chi̍t-ê. Tī “Tōa-piān-lūn” lāi-té, múi chi̍t-ê lūn-tiám lóng kóng kah chiok siông-sè–ê, m̄-koh bô kiōng-sek. Chit-ê tap-àn it-ti̍t kàu 3 nî āu, tī Sian-lú-chō seng-hûn lāi-té chhōe-tio̍h chi̍t-lia̍p piàn-kng-chheⁿ, chiah kái-koat. Chit-tiuⁿ siòng-phìⁿ to̍h sī chèng-bêng chit-ê tap-àn ê goân-sú po-lê té-phìⁿ, keng-kòe sò͘-ūi hong-sek tiông-sin chhú-lí ê kiat-kó. Edwin Hubble pí-kàu bô-kâng tiuⁿ iáⁿ-siōng, chù-ì tio̍h chit-ê kng-tiám ê kiông-tō͘ ē piàn-hòa, soah tī 1923 nî 10 goe̍h 6 hō ê sî-chūn, tī po-lê té-phìⁿ téng-koân siá chi̍t jī “Piàn! (VAR!)”. Hubble chai-iáⁿ siōng-hó ê kái-soeh to̍h sī, chit-ê kng-tiám sī iâu-oán só͘-chāi ê piàn-kng-chheⁿ. Só͘-í M31 eng-kai sī Sian-lú-chō Seng-hē chiah tio̍h, khó-lêng kah lán Gîn-hô-hē ū sêng. Chit-tiuⁿ tī 100 nî-chêng chò kì-hō ê iáⁿ-siōng khó-lêng m̄-sī kài súi, m̄-koh piàn-kng-chheⁿ ê kì-lo̍k phah-khui jîn-lūi tì-sek ê thang-á-mn̂g. Che sī thâu-chi̍t-pái lán chai-iáⁿ kóng, lán ê ú-tiū sī tōa kah m̄-sī-khoán.

[KIP] Edwin Hubble huat-hiān Ú-tiū

Lán ê ú-tiū sī ū guā tuā? Tsit-ê būn-tê tī 1920 nî-tāi, sī sóo-ū thian-bûn būn-tê lāi-té, 2 ê siōng ū-miâ ê thian-bûn ha̍k-ka leh tsinn ê būn-tê, tse tio̍h-sī li̍k-sú-siōng ū-miâ ê “Thian-bûn Tuā-piān-lūn”. Ū tsiok tsē thian-bûn ha̍k-ka siong-sìn kóng, lán ê Gîn-hô-hē to̍h-sī kui-ê ú-tiū. M̄-koh kî-thann thian-bûn ha̍k-ka jīn-uî, lán ê Gîn-hô-hē sī sóo-ū sing-hē lāi-té ê kî-tiong tsi̍t-ê. Tī “Tuā-piān-lūn” lāi-té, muí tsi̍t-ê lūn-tiám lóng kóng kah tsiok siông-sè–ê, m̄-koh bô kiōng-sik. Tsit-ê tap-àn it-ti̍t kàu 3 nî āu, tī Sian-lú-tsō sing-hûn lāi-té tshuē-tio̍h tsi̍t-lia̍p piàn-kng-tshenn, tsiah kái-kuat. Tsit-tiunn siòng-phìnn to̍h sī tsìng-bîng tsit-ê tap-àn ê guân-sú po-lê té-phìnn, king-kuè sòo-uī hong-sik tiông-sin tshú-lí ê kiat-kó. Edwin Hubble pí-kàu bô-kâng tiunn iánn-siōng, tsù-ì tio̍h tsit-ê kng-tiám ê kiông-tōo ē piàn-huà, suah tī 1923 nî 10 gue̍h 6 hō ê sî-tsūn, tī po-lê té-phìnn tíng-kuân siá tsi̍t jī “Piàn! (VAR!)”. Hubble tsai-iánn siōng-hó ê kái-sueh to̍h sī, tsit-ê kng-tiám sī iâu-uán sóo-tsāi ê piàn-kng-tshenn. Sóo-í M31 ing-kai sī Sian-lú-tsō Sing-hē tsiah tio̍h, khó-lîng kah lán Gîn-hô-hē ū sîng. Tsit-tiunn tī 100 nî-tsîng tsò kì-hō ê iánn-siōng khó-lîng m̄-sī kài suí, m̄-koh piàn-kng-tshenn ê kì-lo̍k phah-khui jîn-luī tì-sik ê thang-á-mn̂g. Tse sī thâu-tsi̍t-pái lán tsai-iánn kóng, lán ê ú-tiū sī tuā kah m̄-sī-khuán.

[English] Edwin Hubble Discovers the Universe

How big is our universe? This question, among others, was debated by two leading astronomers in 1920 in what has since become known as astronomy’s Great Debate. Many astronomers then believed that our Milky Way Galaxy was the entire universe. Many others, though, believed that our galaxy was just one of many. In the Great Debate, each argument was detailed, but no consensus was reached. The answer came over three years later with the detected variation of single spot in the Andromeda Nebula, as shown on the original glass discovery plate digitally reproduced here. When Edwin Hubble compared images, he noticed that this spot varied, and on October 6, 1923 wrote “VAR!” on the plate. The best explanation, Hubble knew, was that this spot was the image of a variable star that was very far away. So M31 was really the Andromeda Galaxy -- a galaxy possibly similar to our own. Annotated 100 years ago, the featured image may not be pretty, but the variable spot on it opened a window through which humanity gazed knowingly, for the first time, into a surprisingly vast cosmos.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【宇宙】ú-tiū/ú-tiū/宇宙/universe
• 【銀河系】Gîn-hô-hē/Gîn-hô-hē/銀河系/Milky Way Galaxy
• 【天文大辯論】Thian-bûn Tōa-piān-lūn/Thian-bûn Tuā-piān-lūn/天文大辯論/astronomy’s Great Debate
• 【仙女座星雲】Sian-lú-chō Seng-hûn/Sian-lú-tsō Sing-hûn/仙女座星雲/Andromeda Nebula
• 【仙女座星系】Sian-lú-chō Seng-hē/Sian-lú-tsō Sing-hē/仙女座星系/Andromeda Galaxy
• 【變光星】piàn-kng-chheⁿ/piàn-kng-tshenn/變光星/variable star
• 【玻璃底片】po-lê té-phìⁿ/po-lê té-phìnn/玻璃底片/glass plate