下晡 ê 日行軌跡

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：Afternoon Analemma
• 影像來源 kah 版權：Ian Griffin (Otago Museum)
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NSYSU)

[漢羅] 下晡 ê 日行軌跡

日行軌跡就是 tī 一冬內逐工踮仝一个時間紀錄日頭 tī 佗位 ê 8 字形曲線。 為著欲翕出這張相片，有一台 4x5 英吋 ê 針孔 相機 to̍h 囥 tī 紐西蘭南島 向 北方天頂看過去。 每一工當地時間下晡 4 點 ê 時陣，若是拄著好天，就會 kā 快門拍開短短仔 ê 時間，tùi 仝一片 光敏感 玻璃 感光。 Ùi 2022 年 9 月 23 到 2023 年 9 月 19，按呢攏總感光一冬 ê 時間。 Tī 冬節 kah 夏至這兩工，快門會加開一擺，開 tī 本來彼擺 ê 15 分鐘後，會一直開到日頭落去。 按呢就會當 tī 曲線 頂懸 kah 下底 翕出日頭 ê 軌跡。 春秋分這兩工就出現 tī 曲線 ê 中央，毋過毋是 tī 交叉點遐。 是講，這个曲線 kah 北半球 ê 日行軌跡相比，是 顛倒爿–ê。 今仔日是南半球 ê 春分，毋過是北半球 ê 秋分，就是秋天開始 ê 日子。

[POJ] Ē-po͘ ê Ji̍t-hêng-khúi-jiah

Ji̍t-hêng-khúi-jiah to̍h-sī tī it-tang lāi ta̍k-kang tiàm kāng chi̍t-ê sî-kan kì-lo̍k Ji̍t-thâu tī toh-ūi ê 8 jī-hêng khiok-sòaⁿ. Ūi tio̍h-beh hip chhut chit-tiuⁿ siòng-phìⁿ, ū chi̍t tâi 4x5 eng-chhùn ê chiam-kháng siòng-ki to̍h khǹg tī Niú-se-lân Lâm-tó hiòng pak-hong thiⁿ-téng khòaⁿ–kòe-khì. Múi chi̍t-kang tong-tē sî-kan ē-po͘ 4 tiám ê sî-chūn, nā-sī tú-tio̍h hó-thiⁿ, to̍h ē kā khoài-mn̂g phah-khui té-té-á ê sî-kan, tùi kāng it-phìⁿ kng-bín-kám po-lê kám-kng. Ùi 2022 nî 9 goe̍h 23 kàu 2023 nî 9 goe̍h 19, án-ne lóng-chóng kám-kng chi̍t tang ê sî-kan. Tī tang-cheh kah hē-chì chit nn̄g-kang, khoài-mn̂g ē ke khui chi̍t-pái, khui tī pún-lâi hit pái ê 15 hun-cheng āu, ē it-ti̍t khui-kàu ji̍t-thâu lo̍h-khì. Án-ne to̍h ē-tàng tī khiok-sòaⁿ téng-koân kah ē-té hip chhut ji̍t-thâu ê khúi-jiah. Chhun Chhiu-hun chit nn̄g-kang to̍h chhut-hiān tī khiok-sòaⁿ ê tiong-ng, m̄-koh m̄-sī tī kau-chhe-tiám hia. Sī-kóng, chit-ê khiok-sòaⁿ kah pak-pòaⁿ-kiû ê ji̍t-hêng-khúi-jiah sio-pí, sī tian-tò pêng–ê. Kin-á-ji̍t sī lâm-pòaⁿ-kiû ê chhun-hun, m̄-koh sī pak-pòaⁿ-kiû ê chhiu-hun, to̍h-sī chhiu-thiⁿ khai-sí ê ji̍t-chí.

[KIP] Ē-poo ê Ji̍t-hîng-khuí-jiah

Ji̍t-hîng-khuí-jiah to̍h-sī tī it-tang lāi ta̍k-kang tiàm kāng tsi̍t-ê sî-kan kì-lo̍k Ji̍t-thâu tī toh-uī ê 8 jī-hîng khiok-suànn. Uī tio̍h-beh hip tshut tsit-tiunn siòng-phìnn, ū tsi̍t tâi 4x5 ing-tshùn ê tsiam-kháng siòng-ki to̍h khǹg tī Niú-se-lân Lâm-tó hiòng pak-hong thinn-tíng khuànn–kuè-khì. Muí tsi̍t-kang tong-tē sî-kan ē-poo 4 tiám ê sî-tsūn, nā-sī tú-tio̍h hó-thinn, to̍h ē kā khuài-mn̂g phah-khui té-té-á ê sî-kan, tuì kāng it-phìnn kng-bín-kám po-lê kám-kng. Uì 2022 nî 9 gue̍h 23 kàu 2023 nî 9 gue̍h 19, án-ne lóng-tsóng kám-kng tsi̍t tang ê sî-kan. Tī tang-tseh kah hē-tsì tsit nn̄g-kang, khuài-mn̂g ē ke khui tsi̍t-pái, khui tī pún-lâi hit pái ê 15 hun-tsing āu, ē it-ti̍t khui-kàu ji̍t-thâu lo̍h-khì. Án-ne to̍h ē-tàng tī khiok-suànn tíng-kuân kah ē-té hip tshut ji̍t-thâu ê khuí-jiah. Tshun Tshiu-hun tsit nn̄g-kang to̍h tshut-hiān tī khiok-suànn ê tiong-ng, m̄-koh m̄-sī tī kau-tshe-tiám hia. Sī-kóng, tsit-ê khiok-suànn kah pak-puànn-kiû ê ji̍t-hîng-khuí-jiah sio-pí, sī tian-tò pîng–ê. Kin-á-ji̍t sī lâm-puànn-kiû ê tshun-hun, m̄-koh sī pak-puànn-kiû ê tshiu-hun, to̍h-sī tshiu-thinn khai-sí ê ji̍t-tsí.

[English] Afternoon Analemma

An analemma is that figure-8 curve you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day for one year. To make this one, a 4x5 pinhole camera was set up looking north in southern New Zealand skies. The shutter was briefly opened each clear day in the afternoon at 4pm local time exposing the same photosensitized glass plate for the year spanning September 23, 2022 to September 19, 2023. On two days, the winter and summer solstices, the shutter was opened again 15 minutes after the main exposure and remained open until sunset to create the sun trails at the bottom and top of the curve. The equinox dates correspond to positions in the middle of the curve, not the crossover point. Of course, the curve itself is inverted compared to an analemma traced from the northern hemisphere. And while fall begins today at the Autumnal Equinox for the northern hemisphere, it’s the Spring Equinox in the south.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【日行軌跡】ji̍t-hêng-kúi-jiah/ji̍t-hîng-kuí-jiah/日行跡/analemma
• 【針孔相機】chiam-kháng siòng-ki/tsiam-kháng siòng-ki/針孔相機/pinhole camera
• 【快門】khoài-mn̂g/khuài-mn̂g/快門/shutter
• 【光敏感玻璃】kng bín-kám po-lê/kng bín-kám po-lê/光敏感玻璃/photosensitized glass plate
• 【感光】kám-kng/kám-kng/感光/exposure
• 【8 字形曲線】peh jī hêng khiok-sòaⁿ/peh jī hîng khiok-suànn/8 字形曲線/figure-8 curve
• 【冬節】tang-cheh/tang-tseh/冬至/winter solstice
• 【夏至】hē-chì/hē-tsì/夏至/summer solstice
• 【春分】chhun-hun/tshun-hun/春分/spring equinox
• 【秋分】chhiu-hun/tshiu-hun/秋分/autumnal equinox
• 【交叉點】kau-chhe-tiám/kau-tshe-tiám/交叉點/crossover point
• 【南半球】lâm-pòaⁿ-kiû/lâm-puànn-kiû/南半球/southern hemisphere
• 【北半球】pak-pòaⁿ-kiû/pak-puànn-kiû/北半球/northern hemisphere
• 【4x5】sì sêng gō͘/sì sîng gōo/4x5/4x5