Tī 遙遠系外行星揣著 ê 甲烷

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：Methane Discovered on Distant Exoplanet
• 插畫來源：Ahmad Jabakenji (ASU Lebanon, North Star Space Art); 資料：NASA, ESA, CSA, JWST
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NSYSU)

[漢羅] Tī 遙遠系外行星揣著 ê 甲烷

閣有啥物所在有可能有性命？ Tùi 咱人類 上重要 ê 問題，就是性命是毋是嘛會出現 tī 太陽系以外 ê 行星？ 2019 年 ê 時陣 tī 遙遠 ê 系外行星 K2-18b ê 大氣層內底揣著袂少水蒸氣，對人類來講實在是一个足大 ê 進步。 這粒行星 kah 伊 ê 母星 K2-18，就 tī 獅仔 星座，獅仔座 方向 124 光年遠 ê 所在。 這粒 系外行星 比地球大足濟–ê，質量嘛比地球較大，毋過伊 ê 軌道是 tī 伊 ê 母星 ê 合蹛區 內。 雖罔講 K2-18 比咱太陽較紅，毋過伊 tī K2-18b 天頂看起來是 kah 咱 tī 地球看著 ê 太陽 平光。 2019 年 ê 時陣，ùi Hubble、Spitzer、kah Kepler 太空望遠鏡 ê 觀測資料，發現講 K2-18b 大氣層內底有水。 這是利用 K2-18b ùi 伊 ê 母星 面頭前行過 ê 時陣，行星大氣內底 ê 水蒸氣產生吸收線，kā 標出來才揣著–ê。 到這馬 2023 年矣，紅外線 ê Webb 太空望遠鏡 ê 進一步觀測，已經揣著其他暗示有性命 ê 分子矣，嘛包括 甲烷。 這張想像圖上正爿是系外行星 K2-18b kah 伊 ê 衛星 (中央彼粒)。 In 做伙踅倒爿下底彼粒 紅矮星。

[POJ] Tī iâu-oán Hē-gōa-kiâⁿ-chhiⁿ chhōe-tio̍h ê Kah-oân

Koh-ū siáⁿ-mih só͘-chāi ū khó-lêng ū sìⁿ-miā? Tùi lán jîn-lūi siōng tiōng-iàu ê būn-tê, to̍h-sī sìⁿ-miā sī-m̄-sī mā ē chhut-hiān tī Thài-iông-hē í-gōa ê kiâⁿ-chhiⁿ? 2019 nî ê sî-chūn tī iâu-oán ê hē-gōa-kiâⁿ-chhiⁿ K2-18b ê tāi-khì-chân lāi-té chhōe-tio̍h bē-chió chúi-cheng-khì, tùi jîn-lūi lâi-kóng si̍t-chāi sī chi̍t-ê chiok tōa ê chìn-pō͘. Chit lia̍p kiâⁿ-chhiⁿ kah i ê bú-chhiⁿ K2-18, to̍h tī Sai-á seng-chō, Sai-á-chō hong-hiòng 124 kng-nî hn̄g ê só͘-chāi. Chit lia̍p hē-gōa-kiâⁿ-chhiⁿ pí Tē-kiû tōa chiok chē–ê, chit-liōng mā pí Tē-kiû khah tōa, m̄-koh i ê kúi-tō sī tī i ê bú-chhiⁿ ê ha̍h-tòa-khu lāi. Sui-bóng kóng K2-18 pí lán Thài-iông khah âng, m̄-koh I-tī K2-18b thiⁿ-téng khòaⁿ-khí-lâi sī kah lán tī Tē-kiû khòaⁿ-tio̍h ê Thài-iông pîⁿ kng. 2019 nî ê sî-chūn, ùi Hubble, Spitzer, kah Kepler Thài-khong Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ ê koan-chhek chu-liāu, hoat-hiān kóng K2-18b tāi-khì-chân lāi-té ū chúi. Che-sī lī-iōng K2-18b ùi i ê bú-chhiⁿ bīn-thâu-chêng kiâⁿ-kòe ê sî-chūn, kiâⁿ-chhiⁿ tāi-khì lāi-té ê chúi-cheng-khì sán-seng khip-siu-sòaⁿ, kā piau–chhut-lâi chiah chhōe-tio̍h–ê. Kàu chit-má 2023 nî–ah, âng-gōa-sòaⁿ ê Webb Thài-khong Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ ê chìn chi̍t-pō͘ koan-chhek, í-keng chhōe-tio̍h kî-thaⁿ àm-sī ū sìⁿ-miā ê hun-chú–ah, mā pau-koat kah-oân. Chit-tiuⁿ sióng-siōng tô͘ siōng chiàⁿ-pêng sī hē-gōa-kiâⁿ-chhiⁿ K2-18b kah i ê ūi-chhiⁿ (tiong-ng hit lia̍p). In chò-hóe se̍h tò-pêng ē-té hit lia̍p âng-é-chhiⁿ.

[KIP] Tī iâu-uán Hē-guā-kiâⁿ-tshinn tshuē-tio̍h ê Kah-uân

Koh-ū siánn-mih sóo-tsāi ū khó-lîng ū sìnn-miā? Tuì lán jîn-luī siōng tiōng-iàu ê būn-tê, to̍h-sī sìnn-miā sī-m̄-sī mā ē tshut-hiān tī Thài-iông-hē í-guā ê kiânn-tshinn? 2019 nî ê sî-tsūn tī iâu-uán ê hē-guā-kiânn-tshinn K2-18b ê tāi-khì-tsân lāi-té tshuē-tio̍h bē-tsió tsuí-tsing-khì, tuì jîn-luī lâi-kóng si̍t-tsāi sī tsi̍t-ê tsiok tuā ê tsìn-pōo. Tsit lia̍p kiânn-tshinn kah i ê bú-tshinn K2-18, to̍h tī Sai-á sing-tsō, Sai-á-tsō hong-hiòng 124 kng-nî hn̄g ê sóo-tsāi. Tsit lia̍p hē-guā-kiânn-tshinn pí Tē-kiû tuā tsiok tsē–ê, tsit-liōng mā pí Tē-kiû khah tuā, m̄-koh i ê kuí-tō sī tī i ê bú-tshinn ê ha̍h-tuà-khu lāi. Sui-bóng kóng K2-18 pí lán Thài-iông khah âng, m̄-koh I-tī K2-18b thinn-tíng khuànn-khí-lâi sī kah lán tī Tē-kiû khuànn-tio̍h ê Thài-iông pînn kng. 2019 nî ê sî-tsūn, uì Hubble, Spitzer, kah Kepler Thài-khong Bōng-uán-kiànn ê kuan-tshik tsu-liāu, huat-hiān kóng K2-18b tāi-khì-tsân lāi-té ū tsuí. Tse-sī lī-iōng K2-18b uì i ê bú-tshinn bīn-thâu-tsîng kiânn-kuè ê sî-tsūn, kiânn-tshinn tāi-khì lāi-té ê tsuí-tsing-khì sán-sing khip-siu-suànn, kā piau–tshut-lâi tsiah tshuē-tio̍h–ê. Kàu tsit-má 2023 nî–ah, âng-guā-suànn ê Webb Thài-khong Bōng-uán-kiànn ê tsìn tsi̍t-pōo kuan-tshik, í-king tshuē-tio̍h kî-thann àm-sī ū sìnn-miā ê hun-tsú–ah, mā pau-kuat kah-uân. Tsit-tiunn sióng-siōng tôo siōng tsiànn-pîng sī hē-guā-kiânn-tshinn K2-18b kah i ê uī-tshinn (tiong-ng hit lia̍p). In tsò-hué se̍h tò-pîng ē-té hit lia̍p âng-é-tshinn.

[English] Methane Discovered on Distant Exoplanet

Where else might life exist? One of humanity’s great outstanding questions, locating planets where extrasolar life might survive took a step forward in 2019 with the discovery of a significant amount of water vapor in the atmosphere of distant exoplanet K2-18b. The planet and its parent star, K2-18, lie about 124 light years away toward the constellation of the Lion (Leo). The exoplanet is significantly larger and more massive than our Earth, but orbits in the habitable zone of its home star. K2-18, although more red than our Sun, shines in K2-18b’s sky with a brightness similar to the Sun in Earth’s sky. The 2019 discovery of atmospheric water was made in data from three space telescopes: Hubble, Spitzer, and Kepler, by noting the absorption of water-vapor colors when the planet moved in front of the star. Now in 2023, further observations by the Webb Space Telescope in infrared light have uncovered evidence of other life-indicating molecules – including methane. The featured illustration imagines exoplanet K2-18b on the far right orbited by a moon (center), which together orbit a red dwarf star depicted on the lower left.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【系外行星】hē-gōa-kiâⁿ-chhiⁿ/hē-guā-kiânn-tshinn/系外行星/exoplanet
• 【甲烷】kah-oân/kah-uân/甲烷/methane
• 【K2-18】K-two cha̍p-peh/K-two tsa̍p-peh/K2-18/K2-18
• 【K2-18b】K-two cha̍p-peh b/K-two tsa̍p-peh b/K2-18b/K2-18b
• 【水蒸氣】chúi-cheng-khì/tsuí-tsing-khì/水蒸氣/water vapor
• 【獅仔座】Sai-á-chō/Sai-á-tsō/獅子座/Leo
• 【合蹛區】ha̍h-tòa-khu/ha̍h-tuà-khu/適居帶/habitable zone
• 【母星】bú-chhiⁿ/bú-tshinn/母星/parent star
• 【紅矮星】âng-é-chhiⁿ/âng-é-tshinn/紅矮星/red dwarf star
• 【大氣層】tāi-khì-chân/tāi-khì-tsân/大氣層/atmosphere
• 【吸收線】khip-siu-sòaⁿ/khip-siu-suànn/吸收線/absorptiong
• 【Hubble 太空望遠鏡】Hubble Thài-khong Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ/Hubble Thài-khong Bōng-uán-kiànn/哈伯太空望遠鏡/Hubble Space Telescope
• 【Spitzer 太空望遠鏡】Spitzer Thài-khong Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ/Spitzer Thài-khong Bōng-uán-kiànn/史匹哲太空望遠鏡/Spitzer Space Telescope
• 【Kepler 太空望遠鏡】Kepler Thài-khong Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ/Kepler Thài-khong Bōng-uán-kiànn/克普勒太空望遠鏡/Kepler Space Telescope
• 【Webb 太空望遠鏡】Webb Thài-khong Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ/Webb Thài-khong Bōng-uán-kiànn/韋伯太空望遠鏡/Webb Space Telescope