腦髓星雲 ê 超新星殘骸

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：The Medulla Nebula Supernova Remnant
• 影像來源 kah 版權：Kimberly Sibbald
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] 腦髓星雲 ê 超新星殘骸

是啥物咧驅動這个特殊 ê 星雲？ CTB-1 是一个咧脹大 ê 氣體殼，伊是 仙后座 內底一粒懸質量恆星 tī 一萬年前爆炸了後留落來 ê 物質。 這粒恆星應該是 kā 恆星核附近 透過 核融合 產生 穩定壓力 ê 元素燒了了，才會爆炸。 按呢產生 ê 超新星殘骸，因為看起來 足成是一粒腦，所以 to̍h kā 叫做腦髓星雲。 因為伊 kah 邊仔 ê 星際氣體 相碰，產生熱量，所以猶繼續佇 可見光 咧發光。 是講，是按怎這个 星雲 嘛會佇 X 光 發光呢？這个問題 到今猶是一个謎。 有一个假設是講，有一粒活跳跳 ê 脈動星 佇仝一个時間製造出來，伊用高速 ê 恆星風 kā 星雲推捒出去。 最近 有一粒脈動星，就根據這个假設，佇 電波波段 去予人揣著。 伊敢若是 tī 超新星爆炸 ê 時陣，去 hŏng 用一秒鐘 1000 公里緊 ê 速度 擲出來 ê 信號。 雖然講，腦髓星雲 看起來 kā 咱 ê 月娘 欲平大，毋閣伊實在是傷暗矣！ 這張影像 是 tī 加拿大 Alberta 省 ê 七人庄 開幾若點鐘久 ê 感光時間才提著欸。

[POJ] Náu-chhóe seng-hûn ê chhiau-sin-seng chân-hâi

Sī siáⁿ-mih leh khu-tōng chit-ê te̍k-sû ê seng-hûn? CTB one sī chi̍t-ê leh tiùⁿ-tōa ê khì-thé-khak, i sī Sian-hiō-chō lāi-té chi̍t-lia̍p koân-chit-liōng hêng-chhiⁿ tī chi̍t-bān nî-chêng po̍k-chà liáu-āu lâu–lo̍h-lâi ê bu̍t-chit. Chit-lia̍p hêng-chhiⁿ èng-kā sī kā hêng-chhiⁿ hù-kīn só͘-ū tī hêng-chhiⁿ hù-kīn thàu-kòe he̍k-iông-ha̍p sán-seng ún-tēng ap-le̍k ê goân-sò͘ sio-liáu-liáu, chiah ē po̍k-chà. Án-ni sán-seng ê chhiau-sin-seng chân-hâi, in-ūi khòaⁿ–khí-lâi chiok sêng sī chi̍t-lia̍p náu, só͘-í to̍h kā kiò-chò Náu-chhóe seng-hûn. In-ūi i kah piⁿ-á ê seng-chè-khì-thé sio-pōng, sán-seng jia̍t-liōng, só͘-í iáu kè-sio̍k tī khó-kiàn-kng leh hoat-kng. Sī-kóng, sī án-chóaⁿ chit-ê seng-hûn mā ē tī X-kng hoat-kng neh? Chit-ê būn-tê kàu-taⁿ iáu-sī chi̍t-ê bē. Ū chi̍t-ê ká-siat sī-kóng, ū chi̍t-lia̍p oa̍h-thiàu-thiàu ê me̍h-tōng-chhiⁿ tī kâng-chi̍t-ê sî-kan chè-chō chhut-lâi, i iōng ko-sok ê hêng-chhiⁿ-hong kā seng-hûn thui-sak chhut-khì. Chòe-kūn ū chi̍t-lia̍p me̍h-tōng-chhiⁿ, to̍h kun-kù chit-ê ká-siat, tī tiān-pho pho-toān khì hŏng chhōe-tio̍h. I ká-ná sī tī chhiau-sin-seng po̍k-chà ê sî-chūn, khì hŏng iōng chi̍t-bió-cheng chi̍t-chheng kong-lí kín ê sok-tō͘ tàn–chhut-lâi ê sìn-hō. Sui-jiân-kóng, Náu-chhóe-seng-hûn khòaⁿ–khí-lâi kā lán ê goe̍h-niû beh pêⁿ-tōa, m̄-koh i si̍t-chāi sī siūⁿ àm–ah! Chit-tiuⁿ iáⁿ-siōng sī tī Ka-ná-tà Alberta séng ê Chhit-lâng-chng khai kúi-ā tiám-cheng kú ê kám-kng sî-kan chiah the̍h-tio̍h–e̍h.

[KIP] Náu-tshué sing-hûn ê tshiau-sin-sing tsân-hâi

Sī siánn-mih leh khu-tōng tsit-ê ti̍k-sû ê sing-hûn? CTB one sī tsi̍t-ê leh tiùnn-tuā ê khì-thé-khak, i sī Sian-hiō-tsō lāi-té tsi̍t-lia̍p kuân-tsit-liōng hîng-tshinn tī tsi̍t-bān nî-tsîng po̍k-tsà liáu-āu lâu–lo̍h-lâi ê bu̍t-tsit. Tsit-lia̍p hîng-tshinn ìng-kā sī kā hîng-tshinn hù-kīn sóo-ū tī hîng-tshinn hù-kīn thàu-kuè hi̍k-iông-ha̍p sán-sing ún-tīng ap-li̍k ê guân-sòo sio-liáu-liáu, tsiah ē po̍k-tsà. Án-ni sán-sing ê tshiau-sin-sing tsân-hâi, in-uī khuànn–khí-lâi tsiok sîng sī tsi̍t-lia̍p náu, sóo-í to̍h kā kiò-tsò Náu-tshué sing-hûn. In-uī i kah pinn-á ê sing-tsè-khì-thé sio-pōng, sán-sing jia̍t-liōng, sóo-í iáu kè-sio̍k tī khó-kiàn-kng leh huat-kng. Sī-kóng, sī án-tsuánn tsit-ê sing-hûn mā ē tī X-kng huat-kng neh? Tsit-ê būn-tê kàu-tann iáu-sī tsi̍t-ê bē. Ū tsi̍t-ê ká-siat sī-kóng, ū tsi̍t-lia̍p ua̍h-thiàu-thiàu ê me̍h-tōng-tshinn tī kâng-tsi̍t-ê sî-kan tsè-tsō tshut-lâi, i iōng ko-sok ê hîng-tshinn-hong kā sing-hûn thui-sak tshut-khì. Tsuè-kūn ū tsi̍t-lia̍p me̍h-tōng-tshinn, to̍h kun-kù tsit-ê ká-siat, tī tiān-pho pho-tuān khì hŏng tshuē-tio̍h. I ká-ná sī tī tshiau-sin-sing po̍k-tsà ê sî-tsūn, khì hŏng iōng tsi̍t-bió-tsing tsi̍t-tshing kong-lí kín ê sok-tōo tàn–tshut-lâi ê sìn-hō. Sui-jiân-kóng, Náu-tshué-sing-hûn khuànn–khí-lâi kā lán ê gue̍h-niû beh pênn-tuā, m̄-koh i si̍t-tsāi sī siūnn àm–ah! Tsit-tiunn iánn-siōng sī tī Ka-ná-tà Alberta síng ê Tshit-lâng-tsng khai kuí-ā tiám-tsing kú ê kám-kng sî-kan tsiah the̍h-tio̍h–e̍h.

[English] The Medulla Nebula Supernova Remnant

What powers this unusual nebula? CTB-1 is the expanding gas shell that was left when a massive star toward the constellation of Cassiopeia exploded about 10,000 years ago. The star likely detonated when it ran out of elements, near its core, that could create stabilizing pressure with nuclear fusion. The resulting supernova remnant, nicknamed the Medulla Nebula for its brain-like shape, still glows in visible light by the heat generated by its collision with confining interstellar gas. Why the nebula also glows in X-ray light, though, remains a mystery. One hypothesis holds that an energetic pulsar was co-created that powers the nebula with a fast outwardly moving wind. Following this lead, a pulsar has recently been found in radio waves that appears to have been expelled by the supernova explosion at over 1000 kilometers per second. Although the Medulla Nebula appears as large as a full moon, it is so faint that it took many hours of exposure with a telescope in Seven Persons, Alberta, Canada to create the featured image.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【腦髓星雲】Náu-chhóe seng-hûn/Náu-tshué sing-hûn/延髓星雲/Medulla Nebula
• 【超新星殘骸】chhiau-sin-seng chân-hâi/tshiau-sin-sing tsân-hâi/超新星殘骸/supernova remnant
• 【仙后座】Sian-hiō-chō/Sian-hiō-tsō/仙后座/the constellation of Cassiopeia
• 【核融合】he̍k-iông-ha̍p/hi̍k-iông-ha̍p/核融合/nuclear fusion
• 【脈動星】me̍h-tōng-chhiⁿ/me̍h-tōng-tshinn/脈衝星、脈動星/pulsar
• 【超新星爆炸】chhiau-sin-seng po̍k-chà/tshiau-sin-sing po̍k-tsà/超新星爆炸/supernova explosion
• 【新墨西哥】Sin Be̍k-se-ko/Sin Bi̍k-se-ko/新墨西哥/New Mexico
• 【懸質量】koân-chit-liōng/kuân-tsit-liōng/大質量/massive
• 【星際氣體】seng-chè-khì-thé/sing-tsè-khì-thé/星際氣體/interstellar gas
• 【恆星風】hêng-chhiⁿ-hong/hîng-tshinn-hong/恆星風/stellar wind
• 【電波】tiān-pho/tiān-pho/電波/radio waves
• 【可見光】khó-kiàn-kng/khó-kiàn-kng/可見光/visible light
• 【X 光】X kng/X kng/X 光/X-ray light
• 【CTB-1】CTB one/CTB one/CTB-1/CTB-1