火星 tī 天頂行出一个 Z 字形

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：Z is for Mars
• 影像來源 kah 版權：Tunc Tezel (TWAN)
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] 火星 tī 天頂行出一个 Z 字形

這張組合影像 是 kā ùi 2022 年 8 月中 前後一禮拜 到 2023 年 3 月底 翕–著 ê 相片疊做伙 ê 結果。 這組相片是咧追蹤 紅色火星 tī 天頂 ê 逆行軌跡。 逆行軌跡是 ùi 正爿下跤 到 倒爿頂懸 tī 天頂散步 ê Z 字形 路線。 Ùi 地球夜空來看，這个軌跡有經過 昴宿星團 kah 畢宿星團，就 tī 金牛座 ê 方位。 雖罔講咱每兩冬就會看著火星 tī 天頂行出這个 Z 字形，毋過實際上火星踅太陽咧行 ê 時陣並無倒退攄。 顛倒是，這个倒退攄，抑是講這个逆行運動，是背景恆星咧反應地球本身 ê 軌道運動。 Tī 地球外口 ê 行星離太陽較遠，踅太陽 ê 速度嘛較慢。 相對來講，地球 kah 太陽較倚，伊踅太陽 ê 速度就較緊。 所以逐擺地球逐著 離太陽較遠 ê 行星 ê 時陣，咱就會看著行星 ê 逆行運動。 這粒 tiàm 北半球夜空足懸 ê 紅色行星，這陣行到火星衝 ê 相位，就是火星、地球、太陽排做一條線，毋過火星 kah 太陽 tī 地球 ê 無仝爿。 你會當 tī 這張影像中央附近揣著 12 月 8 號這工 ê 火星。 伊這工上光，因為這工是伊 kah 太陽上倚 ê 時陣。 咱若是斟酌看火星附近，應該閣會看著一位來到 內太陽系 ê 人氣人客，ZTF 彗星 (C/2022 E3)。 其中有兩工有翕著伊，2 月 10 號 kah 2 月 16。

[POJ] Hóe-chheⁿ tī thiⁿ-téng kiâⁿ-chhut chi̍t-ê Z jī-hêng

Chit-tiuⁿ cho͘-ha̍p iáⁿ-siōng sī kā ùi 2022 nî 8 goe̍h-tiong chêng-āu chi̍t lé-pài kàu 2023 nî 3 goe̍h-té hip–tio̍h ê siòng-phìⁿ tha̍h chò-hóe ê kiat-kó. Chit-chō͘ siòng-phìⁿ sī leh tui-chong âng-sek Hóe-chheⁿ tī thiⁿ-téng ê ge̍k-hêng kúi-jiah. Ge̍k-hêng kúi-jiah sī ùi chiàⁿ-pêng ē-kha kàu tò-pêng téng-koân tī thiⁿ-téng sàn-pò͘ ê Z jī-hêng lō͘-sòaⁿ. Ùi Tē-kiû iā-khong lâi khòaⁿ, chit-ê kúi-jiah ū keng-kè Báu-siù-seng-thoân kah Pi̍t-siù-seng-thoân, to̍h tī Kim-gû-chō ê hong-ūi. Sui-bóng kóng lán múi nn̄g tang to̍h ē khòaⁿ-tio̍h Hóe-chheⁿ tī thiⁿ-téng kiâⁿ chhut chit-ê Z jī-hêng, m̄-koh si̍t-chè-siōng Hóe-chheⁿ se̍h Thài-iông leh kiâⁿ ê sî-chūn pēng bô tò-thè-lu. Tian-tò sī, chit-ê tò-thè-lu, ia̍h-sī kóng chit-ê ge̍k-hêng ūn-tōng, sī pōe-kéng hêng-chheⁿ leh hoán-èng Tē-kiû pún-sin ê kúi-tō-ūn-tōng. Tī Tē-kiû gōa-kháu ê kiâⁿ-chheⁿ lī Thài-iông khah hn̄g, se̍h Thài-iông ê sok-tō͘ mā khah bān. Siong-tùi lâi kóng, Tē-kiû kah Thài-iông khah óa, i se̍h Thài-iông ê sok-tō͘ to̍h khah kín. Só͘-í ta̍k-pái Tē-kiû jiok-tio̍h lī Thài-iông khah hn̄g ê kiâⁿ-chheⁿ ê sî-chūn, lán to̍h ē khòaⁿ-tio̍h kiâⁿ-chheⁿ ê ge̍k-hêng ūn-tōng. Chit-lia̍p tiàm pak-pòaⁿ-kiû iā-khong chiok koân ê âng-sek kiâⁿ-chheⁿ, chit-chūn kiâⁿ kàu Hóe-chheⁿ-chhiong ê siòng-ūi, to̍h sī Hóe-chheⁿ, Tē-kiû, Thài-iông pâi chò chi̍t-tiâu sòaⁿ, m̄-koh Hóe-chheⁿ kah Thài-iông tī Tē-kiû ê bô kāng pêng. Lí ē-tàng tī chit-tiuⁿ iáⁿ-siōng tiong-ng hù-kīn chhōe-tio̍h 12 goe̍h 8 hō chit-kang ê Hóe-chheⁿ. I chit-kang siōng kng, in-ūi chit-kang sī i kah Thài-iông siōng óa ê sî-chūn. Lán nā-sī chim-chiok khòaⁿ Hóe-chheⁿ hù-kīn, èng-kai koh ē khòaⁿ-tio̍h chi̍t-ūi lâi kàu Lōe Thài-iông-hē ê jîn-khì lâng-kheh, ZTF hūi-chheⁿ (C/2022 E3). Kî-tiong ū nn̄g-kang ū hip-tio̍h i, 2 goe̍h 10 hō kah 2 goe̍h 16.

[KIP] Hué-tshenn tī thinn-tíng kiânn-tshut tsi̍t-ê Z jī-hîng

Tsit-tiunn tsoo-ha̍p iánn-siōng sī kā uì 2022 nî 8 gue̍h-tiong tsîng-āu tsi̍t lé-pài kàu 2023 nî 3 gue̍h-té hip–tio̍h ê siòng-phìnn tha̍h tsò-hué ê kiat-kó. Tsit-tsōo siòng-phìnn sī leh tui-tsong âng-sik Hué-tshenn tī thinn-tíng ê gi̍k-hîng kuí-jiah. Gi̍k-hîng kuí-jiah sī uì tsiànn-pîng ē-kha kàu tò-pîng tíng-kuân tī thinn-tíng sàn-pòo ê Z jī-hîng lōo-suànn. Uì Tē-kiû iā-khong lâi khuànn, tsit-ê kuí-jiah ū king-kè Báu-siù-sing-thuân kah Pi̍t-siù-sing-thuân, to̍h tī Kim-gû-tsō ê hong-uī. Sui-bóng kóng lán muí nn̄g tang to̍h ē khuànn-tio̍h Hué-tshenn tī thinn-tíng kiânn tshut tsit-ê Z jī-hîng, m̄-koh si̍t-tsè-siōng Hué-tshenn se̍h Thài-iông leh kiânn ê sî-tsūn pīng bô tò-thè-lu. Tian-tò sī, tsit-ê tò-thè-lu, ia̍h-sī kóng tsit-ê gi̍k-hîng ūn-tōng, sī puē-kíng hîng-tshenn leh huán-ìng Tē-kiû pún-sin ê kuí-tō-ūn-tōng. Tī Tē-kiû guā-kháu ê kiânn-tshenn lī Thài-iông khah hn̄g, se̍h Thài-iông ê sok-tōo mā khah bān. Siong-tuì lâi kóng, Tē-kiû kah Thài-iông khah uá, i se̍h Thài-iông ê sok-tōo to̍h khah kín. Sóo-í ta̍k-pái Tē-kiû jiok-tio̍h lī Thài-iông khah hn̄g ê kiânn-tshenn ê sî-tsūn, lán to̍h ē khuànn-tio̍h kiânn-tshenn ê gi̍k-hîng ūn-tōng. Tsit-lia̍p tiàm pak-puànn-kiû iā-khong tsiok kuân ê âng-sik kiânn-tshenn, tsit-tsūn kiânn kàu Hué-tshenn-tshiong ê siòng-uī, to̍h sī Hué-tshenn, Tē-kiû, Thài-iông pâi tsò tsi̍t-tiâu suànn, m̄-koh Hué-tshenn kah Thài-iông tī Tē-kiû ê bô kāng pîng. Lí ē-tàng tī tsit-tiunn iánn-siōng tiong-ng hù-kīn tshuē-tio̍h 12 gue̍h 8 hō tsit-kang ê Hué-tshenn. I tsit-kang siōng kng, in-uī tsit-kang sī i kah Thài-iông siōng uá ê sî-tsūn. Lán nā-sī tsim-tsiok khuànn Hué-tshenn hù-kīn, ìng-kai koh ē khuànn-tio̍h tsi̍t-uī lâi kàu Luē Thài-iông-hē ê jîn-khì lâng-kheh, ZTF huī-tshenn (C/2022 È). Kî-tiong ū nn̄g-kang ū hip-tio̍h i, 2 gue̍h 10 hō kah 2 gue̍h 16.

[English] Z is for Mars

A composite of images captured about a week apart from mid August 2022 through late March 2023, this series traces the retrograde motion of ruddy-colored Mars. Progressing from lower right to upper left Mars makes a Z-shaped path as it wanders past the Pleiades and Hyades star clusters, through the constellation Taurus in planet Earth’s night sky. Seen about every two years, Mars doesn’t actually reverse the direction of its orbit to trace out the Z-shape though. Instead, the apparent backwards or retrograde motion with respect to the background stars is a reflection of the orbital motion of Earth itself. Retrograde motion can be seen each time Earth overtakes and laps planets orbiting farther from the Sun, the Earth moving more rapidly through its own relatively close-in orbit. High in northern hemisphere skies the Red Planet was opposite the Sun and at its closest and brightest on December 8, near the center of the frame. Seen close to Mars, a popular visitor to the inner Solar System, comet ZTF (C/2022 E3), was also captured on two dates, February 10 and February 16.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【火星】Hóe-chheⁿ/Hué-tshenn/火星/Mars
• 【逆行】Ge̍k-hêng/Gi̍k-hîng/逆行/retrograde
• 【昴宿星團】Báu-siù-seng-thoân/Báu-siù-sing-thuân/昴宿星團/Pleiades
• 【畢宿星團】Pi̍t-siù-seng-thoân/Pi̍t-siù-sing-thuân/畢宿星團/Hyades
• 【星團】seng-thoân/sing-thuân/星團/star clusters
• 【金牛座】Kim-gû-chō/Kim-gû-tsō/金牛座/Taurus
• 【軌道運動】kúi-tō-ūn-tōng/kuí-tō-ūn-tōng/軌道運動/orbital motion
• 【火星衝】Hóe-chheⁿ-chhiong/Hué-tshenn-tshiong/火星衝/Mars Opposition
• 【相位】siòng-ūi/siòng-uī/相位/phase
• 【內太陽系】Lōe Thài-iông-hē/Luē Thài-iông-hē/內太陽系/the Inner Solar System
• 【北半球】pak-pòaⁿ-kiû/pak-puànn-kiû/北半球/northern hemisphere
• 【ZTF 彗星】ZTF hūi-chheⁿ/ZTF huī-tshenn/ZTF 彗星/comet ZTF
• 【C/2022 E3】C jī-khòng-jī-jī E saⁿ/C jī-khòng-jī-jī E sann/ C/2022 E3 / C/2022 E3