北極星 kah 伊四箍圍仔 ê 塗粉

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：North Star: Polaris and Surrounding Dust
• 影像來源 kah 版權：Javier Zayaz
• 探索你 ê 宇宙：APOD 亂數產生器
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] 北極星 kah 伊四箍圍仔 ê 塗粉雲

是按怎北極星叫做北極星？ 第一，北極星 是地球 自轉軸 指向北方附近 上光 ê 星。 所以 地球 那自轉，天星看–起來就敢若那踅 北極星 leh 行。 因為北極星看–起來就一直停 tī 仝款 ê 位置無 leh 振動，所以伊就去 hŏng 叫做 北極星 矣。 是講地球 自轉軸 指向南方 彼搭無較光 ê 星，所以咱目前 無較光 ê 南極星。 幾若千年前，地球自轉軸 ê 指向方向 kah 這馬無啥仝，彼馬 ê 北極星是織女星。 其實 北極星 毋是 天頂上光 ê 星，伊會遮爾好揣，是因為伊 kah 北斗星 ê 湯匙頭 ê 兩粒星，差不多排仝一排。 這張影像 有 8 度闊，北極星 就 tī 影像 ê 中央附近。 這是一張 kā 幾若百張感光相片疊–出來 ê 數位合成影像。 咱看會著規張影像攏去予 積分通量星雲 (IFN) 較暗 ê 氣體 kah 塗粉 佔牢牢，上倒爿閣有 球形 星團 NGC 188。 北極星是一款 造父變星，伊 ê 表面會產生微微仔 脈動，造成這粒有名 ê 星 會 tī 幾若工內 改變伊 ê 光度 幾若葩。

[POJ] Pak-ke̍k-chheⁿ kah i sì-kho͘-ûi-á ê thô͘-hún-hûn

Sī án-ná Pak-ke̍k-chheⁿ kiò-chò Pak-ke̍k-chheⁿ? Tē-it, Pak-ke̍k-chheⁿ sī Tē-kiû chū-choán-te̍k chí-hiòng pak-hong hù-kīn siōng kng ê chheⁿ. Só͘-í Tē-kiû ná chū-choán, thiⁿ-chhiⁿ khòaⁿ–khí-lâi to̍h ká-ná ná se̍h Pak-ke̍k-chheⁿ leh kiâⁿ. In-ūi Pak-ke̍k-chheⁿ khòaⁿ–khí-lâi to̍h it-ti̍t thêng tī kāng-khoán ê ūi-tì bô leh tín-tāng, só͘-í i to̍h khì hŏng kiò-chò Pak-ke̍k-chheⁿ–ah. Sī kóng Tē-kiû chū-choán-te̍k chí-hiòng lâm-hong hit-tah bô khah kng ê chheⁿ, só͘-í lán bo̍k-chêng bô khah kng ê Lâm-ke̍k-chheⁿ. Kúi-ā chheng nî-chêng, Tē-kiû chū-choán-te̍k ê chí-hiòng hong-hiòng kah chit-má bô-saⁿ kāng, hit-má ê Pak-ke̍k-chheⁿ sī Chit-lú-chheⁿ. Kî-si̍t Pak-ke̍k-chheⁿ m̄-sī thiⁿ-téng siōng kng ê chheⁿ, i ē chiah-nī hó chhōe, sī in-ūi i kah Pak-táu-chheⁿ ê thng-sî-thâu ê nn̄g-lia̍p chheⁿ, chha-put-to pâi kāng chi̍t-pâi. Chit-tiuⁿ iáⁿ-siōng ū 8 tō͘ khoah, Pak-ke̍k-chheⁿ to̍h tī iáⁿ-siōng ê tiong-ng hù-kīn. Che sī chi̍t-tiuⁿ kā kúi-ā pah tiuⁿ kám-kng siòng-phìⁿ tha̍h–chhut-lâi ê só͘-ūi ha̍p-sêng iáⁿ-siōng. Lán khòaⁿ-ē-tio̍h kui-tiuⁿ iáⁿ-siōng lóng khì hō͘ Chek-hun Thong-liōng Seng-hûn (IFN) khah àm ê khì-thé kah thô͘-hún chiàm-tiâu-tiâu, siōng tò-pêng koh ū kiû-hêng-seng-thoân NGC 188. Pak-ke̍k-chheⁿ sī chi̍t-khoán Chō-hū-piàn-seng, i ê piáu-bīn ē sán-seng bî-bî-á me̍h-tōng, chō-sêng chit-lia̍p ū-miâ ê chheⁿ ē tī kúi-ā kang lāi kái-piàn i ê kng-tō͘ kúi-ā pha.

[KIP] Pak-ki̍k-tshenn kah i sì-khoo-uî-á ê thôo-hún-hûn

Sī án-ná Pak-ki̍k-tshenn kiò-tsò Pak-ki̍k-tshenn? Tē-it, Pak-ki̍k-tshenn sī Tē-kiû tsū-tsuán-ti̍k tsí-hiòng pak-hong hù-kīn siōng kng ê tshenn. Sóo-í Tē-kiû ná tsū-tsuán, thinn-tshinn khuànn–khí-lâi to̍h ká-ná ná se̍h Pak-ki̍k-tshenn leh kiânn. In-uī Pak-ki̍k-tshenn khuànn–khí-lâi to̍h it-ti̍t thîng tī kāng-khuán ê uī-tì bô leh tín-tāng, sóo-í i to̍h khì hŏng kiò-tsò Pak-ki̍k-tshenn–ah. Sī kóng Tē-kiû tsū-tsuán-ti̍k tsí-hiòng lâm-hong hit-tah bô khah kng ê tshenn, sóo-í lán bo̍k-tsîng bô khah kng ê Lâm-ki̍k-tshenn. Kuí-ā tshing nî-tsîng, Tē-kiû tsū-tsuán-ti̍k ê tsí-hiòng hong-hiòng kah tsit-má bô-sann kāng, hit-má ê Pak-ki̍k-tshenn sī Tsit-lú-tshenn. Kî-si̍t Pak-ki̍k-tshenn m̄-sī thinn-tíng siōng kng ê tshenn, i ē tsiah-nī hó tshuē, sī in-uī i kah Pak-táu-tshenn ê thng-sî-thâu ê nn̄g-lia̍p tshenn, tsha-put-to pâi kāng tsi̍t-pâi. Tsit-tiunn iánn-siōng ū 8 tōo khuah, Pak-ki̍k-tshenn to̍h tī iánn-siōng ê tiong-ng hù-kīn. Tse sī tsi̍t-tiunn kā kuí-ā pah tiunn kám-kng siòng-phìnn tha̍h–tshut-lâi ê sóo-uī ha̍p-sîng iánn-siōng. Lán khuànn-ē-tio̍h kui-tiunn iánn-siōng lóng khì hōo Tsik-hun Thong-liōng Sing-hûn (IFN) khah àm ê khì-thé kah thôo-hún tsiàm-tiâu-tiâu, siōng tò-pîng koh ū kiû-hîng-sing-thuân NGC 188. Pak-ki̍k-tshenn sī tsi̍t-khuán Tsō-hū-piàn-sing, i ê piáu-bīn ē sán-sing bî-bî-á me̍h-tōng, tsō-sîng tsit-lia̍p ū-miâ ê tshenn ē tī kuí-ā kang lāi kái-piàn i ê kng-tōo kuí-ā pha.

[English] North Star: Polaris and Surrounding Dust

Why is Polaris called the North Star? First, Polaris is the nearest bright star toward the north spin axis of the Earth. Therefore, as the Earth turns, stars appear to revolve around Polaris, but Polaris itself always stays in the same northerly direction – making it the North Star. Since no bright star is near the south spin axis of the Earth, there is currently no bright South Star. Thousands of years ago, Earth’s spin axis pointed in a slightly different direction so that Vega was the North Star. Although Polaris is not the brightest star on the sky, it is easily located because it is nearly aligned with two stars in the cup of the Big Dipper. Polaris is near the center of the eight-degree wide featured image, a digital composite of hundreds of exposures that brings out faint gas and dust of the Integrated Flux Nebula (IFN) all over the frame as well as the globular star cluster NGC 188 on the far left. The surface of Cepheid Polaris slowly pulsates, causing the famous star to change its brightness by a few percent over the course of a few days.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【北極星】Pak-ke̍k-chheⁿ/Pak-ki̍k-tshenn/北極星/Polaris
• 【北極星】Pak-ke̍k-chheⁿ/Pak-ki̍k-tshenn/北極星/North Star
• 【自轉軸】chū-choán-te̍k/tsū-tsuán-ti̍k/自轉軸/spin axis
• 【南極星】Lâm-ke̍k-chheⁿ/Lâm-ki̍k-tshenn/南極星/South Star
• 【織女星】Chit-lú-chheⁿ/Tsit-lú-tshenn/織女星/Vega
• 【北斗星】Pak-táu-chheⁿ/Pak-táu-tshenn/北斗七星/Big Dipper
• 【積分通量星雲】Chek-hun Thong-liōng Seng-hûn/Tsik-hun Thong-liōng Sing-hûn/積分通量星雲/Integrated Flux Nebula (IFN)
• 【球形星團】kiû-hêng-seng-thoân/kiû-hîng-sing-thuân/球狀星團/globular star cluster
• 【NGC 188】NGC it-pat-pat/NGC it-pat-pat/NGC 188/NGC 188
• 【造父變星】Chō-hū-piàn-seng/Tsō-hū-piàn-sing/造父變星/Cepheid
• 【塗粉雲】thô͘-hún-hûn/thôo-hún-hûn/灰塵雲/dust cloud
• 【脈動】me̍h-tōng/me̍h-tōng/脈動/pulsates