M31：仙女座星系

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：M31: The Andromeda Galaxy
• 影像來源 kah 版權：Abdullah Al-Harbi
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] M31：仙女座星系

你會當看偌遠？ 咱用目睭會當直接看--著--ê 上遠 ê 天體是 M31，大 仙女座星系，伊離咱有 200 萬 光年 遠。 你身軀邊若是無望遠鏡，這个大型 捲螺仔星系 看起來就無遐爾清，看起來就干焦是仙女座星座 內底一个暗暗霧霧 ê 星雲。 毋過咱若是 kā 望遠鏡影像用數位合成 ê 方式鬥做一張，咱就會當看著離咱上倚 ê 厝邊大星系。 這張 hŏng 呵咾甲會觸舌 ê 望遠鏡影像，是開 15 點鐘久 ê 感光時間翕--ê。 內底有較光 ê 白色星系核，較暗 ê 咧捲踅 ê 塗粉帶，足光 ê 藍色捲螺仔手骨，kah 明亮 ê 紅光發射星雲。 毋過咱是按怎知影這个捲螺仔星雲真正有遮遠--ê？ 這个問題愛看 1920 年 彼个有名 ê Shapley 佮 Curtis ê 大辯論。 M31 ê 距離 是 1920 年代觀測才確定落來--ê。 觀測 會當看著一款恆星，伊 ê 光度是會改變--ê，就是這个改變予咱有法度估算距離。 這个結果證明講 仙女座星系 kah 咱 銀河系 是足成--ê。 這个結論表示講，這个宇宙 是比 咱想像--ê 閣較大。

[POJ] M31: Sian-lú-chō-seng-hē

Lí ē-tàng khòaⁿ gōa hn̄g? Lán iōng ba̍k-chiu ē-tàng ti̍t-chiap khòaⁿ--tio̍h--ê siōng hn̄g ê thian-thé sī M31, tōa Sian-lú-chō-seng-hē, i lī lán ū 200 bān kng-nî hn̄g. Lí sin-khu-piⁿ nā-sī bô bōng-oán-kiàⁿ, chit-ê tōa-hêng kńg-lê-á-seng-hē khòaⁿ-khí-lâi to̍h bô hiah-nī chheng, khòaⁿ-khí-lâi to̍h kan-na sī Sian-lú-chō seng-chō lāi-té chi̍t-ê àm-àm bū-bū ê seng-hûn. M̄-koh lán nā-sī kā bōng-oán-kiàⁿ iáⁿ-siōng iōng só͘-ūi ha̍p-sêng ê hong-sek tàu chò chi̍t-tiuⁿ, lán to̍h ē-tàng khòaⁿ-tio̍h lī lán siōng óa ê chhù-piⁿ tōa seng-hē. Chit-tiuⁿ hŏng o-ló kah ē tak-chi̍h ê bōng-oán-kiàⁿ iáⁿ-siōng sī khai 15 tiám-cheng kú ê kám-kng sî-kan hip--ê. Lāi-té ū khah kng ê pe̍h-sek seng-hē-he̍k, khah àm ê leh kńg-se̍h ê thô͘-hún-tòa, chiok kng ê nâ-sek kńg-lê-á-chhiú-kut, kah bêng-liōng ê âng-kng hoat-siā-seng-hûn. M̄-koh lán sī án-ná chai-iáⁿ chit-ê kńg-lê-á-seng-hûn chin-chiàⁿ ū chiah hn̄g? Chit-ê būn-tê ài khòaⁿ 1920 nî hit-ê ū-miâ ê Shapley kah Curtis ê tōa piān-lūn. M31 ê kū-lī sī 1920 nî-tāi koan-chhek chiah khak-tēng lo̍h-lâi--ê. Koan-chhek ē-tàng khòaⁿ-tio̍h chi̍t-khoán hêng-chheⁿ, i ê kng-tō͘ sī ē kái-piàn--ê, to̍h sī chit-ê kái-piàn hō͘ lán ū-hoat-tō͘ kó͘-sǹg kū-lī. Chit-ê kiat-kó chèng-bêng kóng Sian-lú-chō-seng-hē kah lán Gîn-hô-hē sī chiok sêng--ê. Chit-ê kiat-lūn piau-sī kóng, chit-ê ú-tiū sī pí lán sióng-siōng--ê koh-khah tōa.

[KIP] M31: Sian-lú-tsō-sing-hē

Lí ē-tàng khuànn guā hn̄g? Lán iōng ba̍k-tsiu ē-tàng ti̍t-tsiap khuànn--tio̍h--ê siōng hn̄g ê thian-thé sī M̀1, tuā Sian-lú-tsō-sing-hē, i lī lán ū 200 bān kng-nî hn̄g. Lí sin-khu-pinn nā-sī bô bōng-uán-kiànn, tsit-ê tuā-hîng kńg-lê-á-sing-hē khuànn-khí-lâi to̍h bô hiah-nī tshing, khuànn-khí-lâi to̍h kan-na sī Sian-lú-tsō sing-tsō lāi-té tsi̍t-ê àm-àm bū-bū ê sing-hûn. M̄-koh lán nā-sī kā bōng-uán-kiànn iánn-siōng iōng sóo-uī ha̍p-sîng ê hong-sik tàu tsò tsi̍t-tiunn, lán to̍h ē-tàng khuànn-tio̍h lī lán siōng uá ê tshù-pinn tuā sing-hē. Tsit-tiunn hŏng o-ló kah ē tak-tsi̍h ê bōng-uán-kiànn iánn-siōng sī khai 15 tiám-tsing kú ê kám-kng sî-kan hip--ê. Lāi-té ū khah kng ê pe̍h-sik sing-hē-hi̍k, khah àm ê leh kńg-se̍h ê thôo-hún-tuà, tsiok kng ê nâ-sik kńg-lê-á-tshiú-kut, kah bîng-liōng ê âng-kng huat-siā-sing-hûn. M̄-koh lán sī án-ná tsai-iánn tsit-ê kńg-lê-á-sing-hûn tsin-tsiànn ū tsiah hn̄g? Tsit-ê būn-tê ài khuànn 1920 nî hit-ê ū-miâ ê Shapley kah Curtis ê tuā piān-lūn. M̀1 ê kū-lī sī 1920 nî-tāi kuan-tshik tsiah khak-tīng lo̍h-lâi--ê. Kuan-tshik ē-tàng khuànn-tio̍h tsi̍t-khuán hîng-tshenn, i ê kng-tōo sī ē kái-piàn--ê, to̍h sī tsit-ê kái-piàn hōo lán ū-huat-tōo kóo-sǹg kū-lī. Tsit-ê kiat-kó tsìng-bîng kóng Sian-lú-tsō-sing-hē kah lán Gîn-hô-hē sī tsiok sîng--ê. Tsit-ê kiat-lūn piau-sī kóng, tsit-ê ú-tiū sī pí lán sióng-siōng--ê koh-khah tuā.

[English] M31: The Andromeda Galaxy

How far can you see? The most distant object easily visible to the unaided eye is M31, the great Andromeda Galaxy, over two million light-years away. Without a telescope, even this immense spiral galaxy appears as an unremarkable, faint, nebulous cloud in the constellation Andromeda. But a bright white nucleus, dark winding dust lanes, luminous blue spiral arms, and bright red emission nebulas are recorded in this stunning fifteen-hour telescopic digital mosaic of our closest major galactic neighbor. But how do we know this spiral nebula is really so far away? This question was central to the famous Shapley-Curtis debate of 1920. M31's great distance was determined in the 1920s by observations that resolved individual stars that changed their brightness in a way that gave up their true distance. The result proved that Andromeda is just like our Milky Way Galaxy -- a conclusion making the rest of the universe much more vast than had ever been previously imagined.

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