脹大 ê 毛蟹星雲

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：M1: The Expanding Crab Nebula
• 影片 kah 版權 kah 版權：Detlef Hartmann
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] 脹大 ê 毛蟹星雲

你 ê 目睭敢有好甲會當看著毛蟹星雲咧脹大？ 毛蟹星雲 ê 編號是 M1，伊是彼个有名 ê Charles Messier’s 星表 頭一个天體。 這个星表內底 ê 天體，無一粒是彗星。 實際上，咱這馬知影 毛蟹星雲 是一个 超新星殘骸，是懸質量恆星爆炸了後產生 ê 脹大星雲內底 ê 雲屑仔。 這个 激烈出世 ê 毛蟹星雲，tī 1054 年 ê 時陣有 去予天文學家觀測著。 這个星雲這馬差不多有 10 光年 闊，毋過伊猶閣繼續咧 脹大。 這个脹大 ê 速度，一秒鐘有超過 1000 公里。 過去這 10 冬 ê 脹大狀況，就紀錄 tī 這支 予人讚嘆 ê 縮時攝影影片 內底。 Ùi 2008 年 到 2022 年之間，澳洲 ê 遙控天文台 逐年攏用 仝一台望遠鏡、仝一台 kha-mé-lah tùi 這个天體翕一張相片。 咱會當 tī 這張處理過–ê 清楚影像 看著 踅 中心彼粒 自旋速度足緊 ê 脈動星 邊仔 ê 動態高能 發射光。 毛蟹星雲 離咱有 6500 光年遠，就 tī 牛犅星座，金牛座 遐。

[POJ] Tiùⁿ-tōa ê Mô͘-hē-seng-hûn

Lí ê ba̍k-chiu kám ū hó kah ē-tàng khòaⁿ-tio̍h Mô͘-hē-seng-hûn leh tiùⁿ-tōa?

Mô͘-hē-seng-hûn ê pian-hō sī M1, i sī hit-ê ū-miâ ê Charles Messier seng-pió thâu-chi̍t-ê thian-thé. Chit ê seng-pió lāi-té ê thian-thé, bô chi̍t lia̍p sī hūi-chheⁿ. Si̍t-chè siōng, lán chit-má chai-iáⁿ Mô͘-hē-seng-hûn sī chi̍t ê chhiau-sin-seng chân-hâi, sī koân-chit-liōng hêng-chheⁿ po̍k-chà liáu-āu sán-seng ê tiùⁿ-tōa seng-hûn lāi-té ê hûn-sap-á. Chit ê kek-lia̍t chhut-sì ê Mô͘-hē-seng-hûn, tī 1054 nî ê sî-chūn ū khì hō͘ thian-bûn ha̍k-ka koan-chhek tio̍h. Chit ê seng-hûn chit-má chha-put-to ū 10 kng-nî khoah, m̄-koh i iáu-koh kè-sio̍k leh tiùⁿ-tōa. Chit ê tiùⁿ-tōa ê sok-tō͘, chi̍t bió-cheng ū chhiau-kòe 1000 kong-lí. Kòe-khì che 10 tang ê tiùⁿ-tōa chōng-hóng, to̍h kì-lio̍k tī chit ki hō͘-lâng chàn-thàn ê sok-sî-liap-iáⁿ iáⁿ-phìⁿ lāi-té. Ùi 2008 nî kàu 2022 nî chi-kan, Ò-chiu ê iâu-khòng thian-bûn-tâi ta̍k-nî lóng iōng kāng chi̍t tâi bōng-oán-kiàⁿ, kāng chi̍t tâi kha-mé-lah tùi chit ê thian-thé hip chi̍t tiuⁿ siòng-phìⁿ. Lán ē-tàng tī chit tiuⁿ chhú-lí kòe–ê chheng-chhó iáⁿ-siōng khòaⁿ-tio̍h se̍h tiong-sim hit-lia̍p chū-soân sok-tō͘ chiok kín ê be̍h-tōng-chheⁿ piⁿ-á ê tōng-thài ko-lêng hoat-siā-kng. Mô͘-hē seng-hûn lī lán ū 6500 kng-nî hn̄g, to̍h tī Gû-káng seng-chō, Kim-gû-chō hiah.

[KIP] Tiùnn-tuā ê Môo-hē-sing-hûn

Lí ê ba̍k-tsiu kám ū hó kah ē-tàng khuànn-tio̍h Môo-hē-sing-hûn leh tiùnn-tuā?

Môo-hē-sing-hûn ê pian-hō sī M, i sī hit-ê ū-miâ ê Charles Messier sing-pió thâu-tsi̍t-ê thian-thé. Tsit ê sing-pió lāi-té ê thian-thé, bô tsi̍t lia̍p sī huī-tshenn. Si̍t-tsè siōng, lán tsit-má tsai-iánn Môo-hē-sing-hûn sī tsi̍t ê tshiau-sin-sing tsân-hâi, sī kuân-tsit-liōng hîng-tshenn po̍k-tsà liáu-āu sán-sing ê tiùnn-tuā sing-hûn lāi-té ê hûn-sap-á. Tsit ê kik-lia̍t tshut-sì ê Môo-hē-sing-hûn, tī 1054 nî ê sî-tsūn ū khì hōo thian-bûn ha̍k-ka kuan-tshik tio̍h. Tsit ê sing-hûn tsit-má tsha-put-to ū 10 kng-nî khuah, m̄-koh i iáu-koh kè-sio̍k leh tiùnn-tuā. Tsit ê tiùnn-tuā ê sok-tōo, tsi̍t bió-tsing ū tshiau-kuè 1000 kong-lí. Kuè-khì tse 10 tang ê tiùnn-tuā tsōng-hóng, to̍h kì-lio̍k tī tsit ki hōo-lâng tsàn-thàn ê sok-sî-liap-iánn iánn-phìnn lāi-té. Uì 2008 nî kàu 2022 nî tsi-kan, Ò-tsiu ê iâu-khòng thian-bûn-tâi ta̍k-nî lóng iōng kāng tsi̍t tâi bōng-uán-kiànn, kāng tsi̍t tâi kha-mé-lah tuì tsit ê thian-thé hip tsi̍t tiunn siòng-phìnn. Lán ē-tàng tī tsit tiunn tshú-lí kuè–ê tshing-tshó iánn-siōng khuànn-tio̍h se̍h tiong-sim hit-lia̍p tsū-suân sok-tōo tsiok kín ê be̍h-tōng-tshenn pinn-á ê tōng-thài ko-lîng huat-siā-kng. Môo-hē sing-hûn lī lán ū 6500 kng-nî hn̄g, to̍h tī Gû-káng sing-tsō, Kim-gû-tsō hiah.

[English] The Expanding Crab Nebula

Are your eyes good enough to see the Crab Nebula expand? The Crab Nebula is cataloged as M1, the first on Charles Messier’s famous list of things which are not comets. In fact, the Crab is now known to be a supernova remnant, an expanding cloud of debris from the explosion of a massive star. The violent birth of the Crab was witnessed by astronomers in the year 1054. Roughly 10 light-years across today, the nebula is still expanding at a rate of over 1,000 kilometers per second. Over the past decade, its expansion has been documented in this stunning time-lapse movie. In each year from 2008 to 2022, an image was produced with the same telescope and camera from a remote observatory in Austria. The sharp, processed frames even reveal the dynamic energetic emission surrounding the rapidly spinning pulsar at the center. The Crab Nebula lies about 6,500 light-years away toward the constellation of the Bull (Taurus).

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【毛蟹星雲】Mô͘-hē-seng-hûn/Môo-hē-sing-hûn/毛蟹星雲/the Crab Nebula (M1)
• 【超新星殘骸】chhiau-sin-seng chân-hâi/tshiau-sin-sing tsân-hâi/超新星殘骸/supernova remnant
• 【脈動星】be̍h-tōng-chheⁿ/be̍h-tōng-tshenn/脈動星/pulsar
• 【金牛座】Kim-gû-chō/Kim-gû-tsō/金牛座/Taurus
• 【縮時攝影】sok-sî-liap-iáⁿ/sok-sî-liap-iánn/縮時攝影/time-lapse
• 【自旋】chū-soân/tsū-suân/自旋/spin