RCW 86：歷史上有紀錄 ê 超新星殘骸

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• 原始文章：RCW 86: Historical Supernova Remnant
• 影像來源：CTIO/NOIRLab/DOE/NSF/AURA, T.A. Rector (Univ.of Alaska/NSF’s NOIRLab), J. Miller (Gemini Obs./NSF’s NOIRLab), M. Zamani & D. de Martin (NSF’s NOIRLab)
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] RCW 86：歷史上有紀錄 ê 超新星殘骸

西元 185 年彼陣，中國天文學家 有紀錄著一粒 出現 tī 南門星官 ê 新恆星。 這个天區 tī 現代星圖內底，是屬於 半人馬座 α kah β 彼區。 彼馬有幾若個月，是會當直接用目睭看著這粒新恆星。 這粒應該是目前歷史上上早 有紀錄 ê 超新星。 這張深空望遠鏡景色 看會著發射星雲 RCW 86 ê 外形。 Kah 天星滿滿 ê 背景 比–起來，咱看會出來 這應該就是恆星爆炸 ê 殘骸。 這張影像是 智利 ê Cerro Tololo 美洲天文台 ê 闊幅 烏暗能量相機 翕–ê。 有翕著 去予 猶咧 脹大 ê 衝擊波捒–出來–ê、皺襞襞 ê 離子氣體殼 ê 完整外形。 太空影像 暗示講，RCW 86 內底有足豐富 ê 鐵元素，毋過中子星抑是脈動星 ê 殘骸內底 to̍h 無，表示講原底彼粒超新星應該是 Ia 型–ê。 Kah ùi 大質量恆星 核心崩塌 變做 超新星爆炸 無仝，Ia 型超新星 是 白矮星 熱核爆炸 來–ê。 這个過程會 ùi 雙星系統 ê 星伴 吸積物質過–來。 是講，因為這个超新星殘骸 ê 方位是 tī 咱 銀河 盤 附近、比規粒月娘較大、閣足暗–ê，所以咱直接用目睭看是揣無。 RCW 86 離咱有 8000 光年遠，大細差不多有 100 光年大。

[POJ] RCW 86: Le̍k-sú-siōng ū kì-lio̍k ê Chhiau-sin-seng chân-hâi

se-goân 185 nî hit-chūn, Tiong-kok thian-bûn ha̍k-ka ū kì-lio̍k tio̍h chi̍t lia̍p chhut-hiān tī Lâm-mn̂g-seng-koan ê sin hêng-chheⁿ. Chit ê thian-khu tī hiān-tāi seng-tô͘ lāi-té, sī sio̍k-î Poàn-jîn-má-chō α kah β hit-khu. Hit-má ū kúi-ā kò-goe̍h, sī ē-tàng ti̍t-chiap iōng ba̍k-chiu khòaⁿ-tio̍h chit lia̍p sin hêng-chheⁿ. Chit lia̍p èng-kai sī bo̍k-chêng le̍k-sú-siōng siōng chá ū kì-lio̍k ê chhiau-sin-seng. Chit tiuⁿ chhim-khòng bōng-oán-kiàⁿ kéng-sek khòaⁿ-ē-tio̍h hoat-siā-seng-hûn RCW 86 ê gōa-hêng. Kah thiⁿ-chheⁿ móa-móa ê pōe-kéng pí–khí-lâi, lán khòaⁿ ē chhut-lâi che èng-kai to̍h sī hêng-chheⁿ po̍k-chà ê chân-hâi. Chit tiuⁿ iáⁿ-siōng sī Tì-lī ê Cerro Tololo Bí-chiu Thian-bûn-tâi ê khoah-pak O͘-àm Lêng-liōng Siòng-ki hip–ê. Ū hip-tio̍h khì hō͘ iáu leh tiùⁿ-tōa ê chhiong-kek-pho sak–chhut-lâi–ê, liâu-phé-phé ê lī-chú khì-thé-khak ê oân-chéng gōa-hêng. Thài-khong iáⁿ-siōng àm-sī kóng, RCW 86 lāi-té ū chiok hong-hù ê thih goân-sò͘, m̄-koh tiong-chú-chheⁿ ia̍h-sī me̍h-tōng-chheⁿ ê chân-hâi lāi-té to̍h bô, piau-sī kóng goân-té hit-lia̍p chhiau-sin-seng èng-kai sī Ia hêng–ê. Kah ùi tōa-chit-liōng hêng-chheⁿ he̍k-sim pang-lap piàn-chò chhiau-sin-seng po̍k-chà bô-kâng, Ia hêng chhiau-sin-seng sī pe̍h-é-chheⁿ jia̍t-he̍k po̍k-chà lâi–ê. Chit ê kòe-têng ē ùi siang-chheⁿ-hē-thóng ê seng-phōaⁿ khip-chek bu̍t-chit kòe–lâi. Sī kóng, in-ūi chit ê chhiau-sin-seng chân-hâi ê hong-ūi sī tī lán Gîn-hô-pôaⁿ hù-kīn, pí kui-lia̍p goe̍h-niû khah tōa, koh chiok àm–ê, só͘-í lán ti̍t-chiap iōng ba̍k-chiu khòaⁿ sī chhōe bô. RCW 86 lī lán ū 8000 kng-nî hn̄g, tōa-sè chha-put-to ū 100 kng-nî tōa.

[KIP] RCW 86: Li̍k-sú-siōng ū kì-lio̍k ê Tshiau-sin-sing tsân-hâi

se-guân 185 nî hit-tsūn, Tiong-kok thian-bûn ha̍k-ka ū kì-lio̍k tio̍h tsi̍t lia̍p tshut-hiān tī Lâm-mn̂g-sing-kuan ê sin hîng-tshenn. Tsit ê thian-khu tī hiān-tāi sing-tôo lāi-té, sī sio̍k-î Puàn-jîn-má-tsō α kah β hit-khu. Hit-má ū kuí-ā kò-gue̍h, sī ē-tàng ti̍t-tsiap iōng ba̍k-tsiu khuànn-tio̍h tsit lia̍p sin hîng-tshenn. Tsit lia̍p ìng-kai sī bo̍k-tsîng li̍k-sú-siōng siōng tsá ū kì-lio̍k ê tshiau-sin-sing. Tsit tiunn tshim-khòng bōng-uán-kiànn kíng-sik khuànn-ē-tio̍h huat-siā-sing-hûn RCW 86 ê guā-hîng. Kah thinn-tshenn muá-muá ê puē-kíng pí–khí-lâi, lán khuànn ē tshut-lâi tse ìng-kai to̍h sī hîng-tshenn po̍k-tsà ê tsân-hâi. Tsit tiunn iánn-siōng sī Tì-lī ê Cerro Tololo Bí-tsiu Thian-bûn-tâi ê khuah-pak Oo-àm Lîng-liōng Siòng-ki hip–ê. Ū hip-tio̍h khì hōo iáu leh tiùnn-tuā ê tshiong-kik-pho sak–tshut-lâi–ê, liâu-phé-phé ê lī-tsú khì-thé-khak ê uân-tsíng guā-hîng. Thài-khong iánn-siōng àm-sī kóng, RCW 86 lāi-té ū tsiok hong-hù ê thih guân-sòo, m̄-koh tiong-tsú-tshenn ia̍h-sī me̍h-tōng-tshenn ê tsân-hâi lāi-té to̍h bô, piau-sī kóng guân-té hit-lia̍p tshiau-sin-sing ìng-kai sī Ia hîng–ê. Kah uì tuā-tsit-liōng hîng-tshenn hi̍k-sim pang-lap piàn-tsò tshiau-sin-sing po̍k-tsà bô-kâng, Ia hîng tshiau-sin-sing sī pe̍h-é-tshenn jia̍t-hi̍k po̍k-tsà lâi–ê. Tsit ê kuè-tîng ē uì siang-tshenn-hē-thóng ê sing-phuānn khip-tsik bu̍t-tsit kuè–lâi. Sī kóng, in-uī tsit ê tshiau-sin-sing tsân-hâi ê hong-uī sī tī lán Gîn-hô-puânn hù-kīn, pí kui-lia̍p gue̍h-niû khah tuā, koh tsiok àm–ê, sóo-í lán ti̍t-tsiap iōng ba̍k-tsiu khuànn sī tshuē bô. RCW 86 lī lán ū 8000 kng-nî hn̄g, tuā-sè tsha-put-to ū 100 kng-nî tuā.

[English] RCW 86: Historical Supernova Remnant

In 185 AD, Chinese astronomers recorded the appearance of a new star in the Nanmen asterism. That part of the sky is identified with Alpha and Beta Centauri on modern star charts. The new star was visible to the naked-eye for months, and is now thought to be the earliest recorded supernova. This deep telescopic view reveals the wispy outlines of emission nebula RCW 86, just visible against the starry background, understood to be the remnant of that stellar explosion. Captured by the wide-field Dark Energy Camera operating at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile, the image traces the full extent of a ragged shell of gas ionized by the still expanding shock wave. Space-based images indicate an abundance of the element iron in RCW 86 and the absence of a neutron star or pulsar within the remnant, suggesting that the original supernova was Type Ia. Unlike the core collapse supernova explosion of a massive star, a Type Ia supernova is a thermonuclear detonation on a white dwarf star that accretes material from a companion in a binary star system. Near the plane of our Milky Way galaxy and larger than the full moon on the sky this supernova remnant is too faint to be seen by eye though. RCW 86 is some 8,000 light-years distant and around 100 light-years across.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【RCW 86】RCW peh-cha̍p-la̍k/RCW peh-tsa̍p-la̍k/RCW 86/RCW 86
• 【超新星殘骸】chhiau-sin-seng chân-hâi/tshiau-sin-sing tsân-hâi/超新星殘骸/supernova remnant
• 【超新星爆炸】chhiau-sin-seng po̍k-chà/tshiau-sin-sing po̍k-tsà/超新星爆炸/supernova explosion
• 【南門星官】Lâm-mn̂g-seng-koan/Lâm-mn̂g-sing-kuan/南門星官/the Nanmen asterism
• 【半人馬座 α】poàn-jîn-má-chō Alpha/puàn-jîn-má-tsō Alpha/半人馬座 α/Alpha Centauri
• 【半人馬座 β】poàn-jîn-má-chō Beta/puàn-jîn-má-tsō Beta/半人馬座 β/Beta Centauri
• 【星圖】seng-tô͘/sing-tôo/星圖/star charts
• 【發射星雲】hoat-siā-seng-hûn/huat-siā-sing-hûn/發射星雲/emission
• 【衝擊波】chhiong-kek-pho/tshiong-kik-pho/衝擊波/shock wave
• 【中子星】tiong-chú-chheⁿ/tiong-tsú-tshenn/中子星/neutron star
• 【脈動星】me̍h-tōng-chheⁿ/me̍h-tōng-tshenn/脈動星/pulsar
• 【Ia 型超新星】it A hêng chhiau-sin-seng/it A hîng tshiau-sin-sing/Ia 型超新星/Type Ia supernova
• 【白矮星】peh-é-chheⁿ/peh-é-tshenn/白矮星/white dwarf
• 【熱核爆炸】jia̍t-he̍k po̍k-chà/jia̍t-hi̍k po̍k-tsà/熱核爆炸/thermonuclear detonation
• 【鐵】thih/thih/鐵/iron
• 【大質量恆星】tōa-chit-liōng hêng-chheⁿ/tuā-tsit-liōng hîng-tshenn/大質量恆星/massive star
• 【核心崩塌】he̍k-sim pang-lap/hi̍k-sim pang-lap/核心崩塌/core collapse
• 【吸積】khip-chek/khip-tsik/吸積/accrete
• 【雙星系統】siang-chheⁿ-hē-thóng/siang-tshenn-hē-thóng/雙星系統/binary star system
• 【星伴】seng-phōaⁿ/sing-phuānn/伴星/companion
• 【銀河盤】Gîn-hô-pôaⁿ/Gîn-hô-puânn/銀河盤/Milky Way’s galactic plane
• 【元素】goân-sò͘/guân-sòo/元素/element