星系相戰：M81 kah M82

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：Galaxy Wars: M81 and M82
• 影像來源 kah 版權：Andreas Aufschnaiter
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] 星系相戰：M81 kah M82

相片中央彼兩个星系是 tī 北天 ê 大熊座遐。 毋過實際上 in 是離足遠–ê，有 1200 萬光年遐爾遠。 正爿彼个有大支捲螺仔手骨、黃色星系核 ê 捲螺仔星系是 M81。 伊嘛叫做 Bode 星系，有 10 萬光年遐爾大。 倒爿彼个大管薰外形 ê 不規則星系是 M82。 過去這十億年來，這對星系 ê 引力一直 leh 相戰。 Tī 宇宙內底，星系互相接近 ê 連紲過程中，每一个星系 ê 引力 會一直影響著另外一个星系。 In 上尾一擺互踅持續 1 億年矣。 真有可能是因為按呢去加強 M81 ê 密度波，造成 M81 ê 捲螺仔手骨變較大支。 M82 有足活潑 ê 恆星形成區，而且相挵 ê 氣體雲會產生足強 ê 能量，所以這个星系會 發出 X-光。 閣紲落來幾若百萬年，兩个星系 ê 引力會繼續相搝，落尾會合併做 一个星系。 這个系外星系 ê 景色嘛包括其他 kah M81 有交互作用 ê 成員。 有 倒爿下跤 ê 大捲螺仔星系 NGC 3077，kah 正爿頂懸 ê NGC 2976。 這幅闊幅相片是 tī 奧地利 Alps 山 ê 夜空翕–ê。 相片 ê 前景攏是累積光通量 ê 星雲。 這寡暗暗 沙沙 ê 星際雲，是反射咱銀河盤頂懸 ê 恆星光造成–ê。

[POJ] Seng-hē sio-chiàn: M81 kah M82

Siòng-phìⁿ tiong-ng hit nn̄g ê seng-hē sī tī pak-thian ê Tāi-hîm-chō hiah. M̄-koh si̍t-chè siōng in sī lī chiok hn̄g–ê, ū 1200 bān kng-nî hiah-nī hn̄g. Chiàⁿ-pêng hit-ê ū tōa-ki kńg-lê-á chhiú-kut, n̂g-sek seng-hē-he̍k ê kńg-lê-á seng-hē sī M81. I mā kiò-chò Bode seng-hē, ū 10 bān kng-nî hiah-nī tōa. Tò-pêng hit-ê tōa-kóng-hun gōa-hêng ê put-kui-chek-seng-hē sī M82. Kòe-khì che cha̍p-ek nî lâi, chit tùi seng-hē ê ín-le̍k it-ti̍t leh sio-chiàn. Tī ú-tiū lāi-té, seng-hē hō͘-siong chiap-kīn ê liân-sòa kòe-têng tiong, múi chi̍t ê seng-hē ê ín-le̍k ē it-ti̍t eng-hiông tio̍h lēng-gōa chi̍t ê seng-hē. In siōng bóe chi̍t-pái hō͘-se̍h chhî-sio̍k 1 ek nî ah. Chin ū khó-lêng sī án-ne khì ka-kiông M81 ê bi̍t-tō͘-pho, chō-sêng M81 ê kńg-lê-á chhiú-kut pian kah khah tōa ki. M82 ū chiok oa̍h-phoat ê hêng-chheⁿ hêng-sêng-khu, jî-chhiáⁿ sio-lòng ê khì-thé-hûn ē sán-seng chiok kiong ê lêng-liōng, só͘-í chit ê seng-hē ē hoat-chhut X-kng. Koh sòa-lo̍h-lâi kúi-ā pah-bān nî, nn̄g ê seng-hē ê ín-le̍k ē kè-sio̍k sio giú, lo̍h-bóe ē ha̍p-pèng chò chi̍t ê seng-hē. Chit ê seng-hē ê kéng-sek mā pau-koat kî-tha kah M81 ū kau-hō͘-chok-iōng ê sêng-goân. Ū tò-pêng ē-kha ê tōa kńg-lê-á seng-hē NGC 3077, kah chiàⁿ-pêng téng-koân ê NGC 2976. Chit pak khoah-pak siòng-phìⁿ sī tī Ò-tē-lī Alps soaⁿ ê iā-khong hip–ê. Siòng-phìⁿ ê chiân-kéng lóng sī lúi-chek kng-thong-liōng ê seng-hûn. Chit-kóa àm-àm soa-soa ê seng-chè-hûn, sī hoán-siā lán Gîn-hô-pôaⁿ téng-koân ê hêng-chheⁿ-kng chō-sêng–ê.

[KIP] Sing-hē sio-tsiàn: M81 kah M82

Siòng-phìnn tiong-ng hit nn̄g ê sing-hē sī tī pak-thian ê Tāi-hîm-tsō hiah. M̄-koh si̍t-tsè siōng in sī lī tsiok hn̄g–ê, ū 1200 bān kng-nî hiah-nī hn̄g. Tsiànn-pîng hit-ê ū tuā-ki kńg-lê-á tshiú-kut, n̂g-sik sing-hē-hi̍k ê kńg-lê-á sing-hē sī M81. I mā kiò-tsò Bode sing-hē, ū 10 bān kng-nî hiah-nī tuā. Tò-pîng hit-ê tuā-kóng-hun guā-hîng ê put-kui-tsik-sing-hē sī M82. Kuè-khì tse tsa̍p-ik nî lâi, tsit tuì sing-hē ê ín-li̍k it-ti̍t leh sio-tsiàn. Tī ú-tiū lāi-té, sing-hē hōo-siong tsiap-kīn ê liân-suà kuè-tîng tiong, muí tsi̍t ê sing-hē ê ín-li̍k ē it-ti̍t ing-hiông tio̍h līng-guā tsi̍t ê sing-hē. In siōng bué tsi̍t-pái hōo-se̍h tshî-sio̍k 1 ik nî ah. Tsin ū khó-lîng sī án-ne khì ka-kiông M81 ê bi̍t-tōo-pho, tsō-sîng M81 ê kńg-lê-á tshiú-kut pian kah khah tuā ki. M82 ū tsiok ua̍h-phuat ê hîng-tshenn hîng-sîng-khu, jî-tshiánn sio-lòng ê khì-thé-hûn ē sán-sing tsiok kiong ê lîng-liōng, sóo-í tsit ê sing-hē ē huat-tshut X-kng. Koh suà-lo̍h-lâi kuí-ā pah-bān nî, nn̄g ê sing-hē ê ín-li̍k ē kè-sio̍k sio giú, lo̍h-bué ē ha̍p-pìng tsò tsi̍t ê sing-hē. Tsit ê sing-hē ê kíng-sik mā pau-kuat kî-tha kah M81 ū kau-hōo-tsok-iōng ê sîng-guân. Ū tò-pîng ē-kha ê tuā kńg-lê-á sing-hē NGC 3077, kah tsiànn-pîng tíng-kuân ê NGC 2976. Tsit pak khuah-pak siòng-phìnn sī tī Ò-tē-lī Alps suann ê iā-khong hip–ê. Siòng-phìnn ê tsiân-kíng lóng sī luí-tsik kng-thong-liōng ê sing-hûn. Tsit-kuá àm-àm sua-sua ê sing-tsè-hûn, sī huán-siā lán Gîn-hô-puânn tíng-kuân ê hîng-tshenn-kng tsō-sîng–ê.

[English] Galaxy Wars: M81 and M82

The two dominant galaxies near center are far far away, 12 million light-years distant toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear. On the right, with grand spiral arms and bright yellow core is spiral galaxy M81. Also known as Bode’s galaxy, M81 spans some 100,000 light-years. On the left is cigar-shaped irregular galaxy M82. The pair have been locked in gravitational combat for a billion years. Gravity from each galaxy has profoundly affected the other during a series of cosmic close encounters. Their last go-round lasted about 100 million years and likely raised density waves rippling around M81, resulting in the richness of M81’s spiral arms. M82 was left with violent star forming regions and colliding gas clouds so energetic that the galaxy glows in X-rays. In the next few billion years, their continuing gravitational encounters will result in a merger, and a single galaxy will remain. This extragalactic scenario also includes other members of the interacting M81 galaxy group with NGC 3077 below and right of the large spiral, and NGC 2976 at upper right in the frame. Captured under dark night skies in the Austrian Alps, the foreground of the wide-field image is filled with integrated flux nebulae. Those faint, dusty interstellar clouds reflect starlight above the plane of our own Milky Way galaxy.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【M81】M peh-cha̍p-it/M peh-tsa̍p-it/M81/M81
• 【M82】M peh-cha̍p-jī/M peh-tsa̍p-jī/M82/M82
• 【大熊座】Tāi-hîm-chō/Tāi-hîm-tsō/大熊座/the Great Bear
• 【捲螺仔手骨】kńg-lê-á chhiú-kut/kńg-lê-á tshiú-kut/螺旋手臂、旋臂/spiral arms
• 【捲螺仔星系】kńg-lê-á seng-hē/kńg-lê-á sing-hē/螺旋星系/spiral galaxy
• 【星系核】seng-hē-he̍k/sing-hē-hi̍k/星系核/galactic core
• 【Bode 星系】Bode seng-hē/Bode sing-hē/波德星系/Bode’s galaxy
• 【不規則星系】put-kui-chek-seng-hē/put-kui-tsik-sing-hē/不規則星系/irregular galaxy
• 【密度波】bi̍t-tō͘-pho/bi̍t-tōo-pho/密度波/density waves
• 【恆星形成區】hêng-chheⁿ hêng-sêng-khu/hîng-tshenn hîng-sîng-khu/恆星形成區/star forming regions
• 【X-光】X-kng/X-kng/X-光/X-ray
• 【合併】ha̍p-pèng/ha̍p-pìng/合併/merger
• 【系外星系】hē-gōa-seng-hē/hē-guā-sing-hē/系外星系/extragalactic
• 【交互作用】kau-hō͘-chok-iōng/kau-hōo-tsok-iōng/交互作用/interacting
• 【NGC 3077】NGC sam-khòng-chhit-chhit/NGC sam-khòng-tshit-tshit/NGC 3077/NGC 3077
• 【NGC 2976】NGC jī-kiú-chhit-lio̍k/NGC jī-kiú-tshit-lio̍k/NGC 2976/NGC 2976
• 【奧地利】Ò-tē-lī/Ò-tē-lī/奧地利/Austria
• 【累積光通量】lúi-chek kng-thong-liōng/luí-tsik kng-thong-liōng/累積光通量/integrated flux
• 【銀河盤】Gîn-hô-pôaⁿ/Gîn-hô-puânn/銀河盤/the plane of our own Milky Way galaxy
• 【恆星光】hêng-chheⁿ-kng/hîng-tshenn-kng/星光/starlight
• 【星際雲】seng-chè-hûn/sing-tsè-hûn/星際雲/interstellar clouds
• 【氣體雲】khì-thé-hûn/khì-thé-hûn/氣體雲/gas clouds
• 【星雲】seng-hûn/sing-hûn/星雲/nebulae
• 【闊幅】khoah-pak/khuah-pak/廣角/wide-field
• 【反射】hoán-siā/huán-siā/反射/reflect