RCW 86：歷史上有名 ê 超新星殘骸

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：RCW 86: Historical Supernova Remnant
• 影像來源 kah 版權：Martin Pugh
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] RCW 86：歷史上有名 ê 超新星殘骸

西元 185 年 ê 時陣，中國天文學家 記錄著這个 tī 南門星官 ê 新恆星。 這个天區 tī 現代星表叫做 半人馬座 α kah β。 這粒新恆星 tī 彼陣，光甲有幾若個月攏會當直接看著。 伊應該就是歷史上 有紀錄 ê 上早一粒超新星。 這張深空影像內底有發射星雲 RCW 86。 咱這馬知影伊是恆星爆炸了後 ê 殘骸。 這張狹頻資料追蹤去予 脹大 震波 離子化 ê 氣體。 這張 天文影像 暗示講，這內底有足濟鐵元素。 毋閣 超新星殘骸 內底無揣著中子星 猶是 脈動星，表示講本底彼粒超新星應該是 Ia 型–ê。 Kah 大質量恆星 核心崩塌 ê 超新星爆炸無仝，Ia 型超新星 是 白矮星 ùi 雙星系統 ê 星伴 吸積物質 產生 ê 熱核爆炸。 雖罔講這个超新星殘骸 chhāi tī 銀河 盤附近，而且伊 tī 天頂比月娘看起來閣較大粒。 毋閣伊實在是傷暗矣，煞看無。 RCW 86 離咱有 8000 光年遠，差不多有 100 光年闊。

[POJ] RCW 86: Le̍k-sú siōng ū-miâ ê Chhiau-sin-seng chân-hâi

Se-goân 185 nî ê sî-chūn, Tiong-kok thian-bûn ha̍k-ka kì-lo̍k tio̍h chit ê tī Lâm-mn̂g seng-koan ê sin hêng-chhiⁿ. Chit ê thian-khu tī hiān-tāi seng-pió kiò-chò Poàn-jîn-má-chō Alpha kah Beta. Chit lia̍p sin hêng-chhiⁿ tī hit-chūn, kng kah ū kúi-ā kò-goe̍h lóng ē-tàng ti̍t-chiap khòaⁿ-tio̍h. I èng-kai tō sī le̍k-sú siōng ū kì-lo̍k ê siōng chá chi̍t lia̍p chhiau-sin-seng. Chit tiuⁿ chhim-khong iáⁿ-siōng lāi-té ū hoat-siā seng-hûn RCW 86. Lán chit-má chai-iáⁿ i sī hêng-chhiⁿ po̍k-chà liáu-āu ê chân-hâi. Chit tiuⁿ e̍h-pîn chu-liāu tui-chong khì hō͘ tiùⁿ-tōa chìn-pho lî-chú-hòa ê khì-thé. Chit tiuⁿ thian-bûn iáⁿ-siōng àm-sī kóng, che lāi-té ū chiok chōe thih goân-sò͘. M̄-koh chhiau-sin-seng chân-hâi lāi-té bô chhōe-tio̍h tiōng-chú-chhiⁿ iáu-sī be̍h-tōng-chhiⁿ, piáu-sī kóng pún-tē hit lia̍p chhiau-sin-seng èng-kai sī Ia hêng–ê. Kah tōa-chit-liōng hêng-chhiⁿ he̍k-sim pang-lap ê chhiau-sin-seng po̍k-chà bô-kâng, Ia hêng chhiau-sin-seng sī pe̍h-é-chhiⁿ ùi siang-chhiⁿ-hē-thóng ê seng-phōaⁿ khip-chek bu̍t-chit sán-seng ê jia̍t-he̍k po̍k-chà. Sui-bóng kóng chit ê chhiau-sin-seng chân-hâi chhāi tī Gîn-hô-pôaⁿ hū-kīn, jî-chhiáⁿ i tī thiⁿ-téng pí goe̍h-niû khòaⁿ–khí-lâi koh khah tōa lia̍p. M̄-koh i si̍t-chāi sī siuⁿ àm ah, soah khòaⁿ bô. RCW 86 lî lán ū 8000 kng-nî hn̄g, chha-put-to ū 100 kng-nî khoah.

[KIP] RCW 86: Li̍k-sú siōng ū-miâ ê Tshiau-sin-sing tsân-hâi

Se-guân 185 nî ê sî-tsūn, Tiong-kok thian-bûn ha̍k-ka kì-lo̍k tio̍h tsit ê tī Lâm-mn̂g sing-kuan ê sin hîng-tshinn. Tsit ê thian-khu tī hiān-tāi sing-pió kiò-tsò Puàn-jîn-má-tsō Alpha kah Beta. Tsit lia̍p sin hîng-tshinn tī hit-tsūn, kng kah ū kuí-ā kò-gue̍h lóng ē-tàng ti̍t-tsiap khuànn-tio̍h. I ìng-kai tō sī li̍k-sú siōng ū kì-lo̍k ê siōng tsá tsi̍t lia̍p tshiau-sin-sing. Tsit tiunn tshim-khong iánn-siōng lāi-té ū huat-siā sing-hûn RCW 86. Lán tsit-má tsai-iánn i sī hîng-tshinn po̍k-tsà liáu-āu ê tsân-hâi. Tsit tiunn e̍h-pîn tsu-liāu tui-tsong khì hōo tiùnn-tuā tsìn-pho lî-tsú-huà ê khì-thé. Tsit tiunn thian-bûn iánn-siōng àm-sī kóng, tse lāi-té ū tsiok tsuē thih guân-sòo. M̄-koh tshiau-sin-sing tsân-hâi lāi-té bô tshuē-tio̍h tiōng-tsú-tshinn iáu-sī be̍h-tōng-tshinn, piáu-sī kóng pún-tē hit lia̍p tshiau-sin-sing ìng-kai sī Ia hîng–ê. Kah tuā-tsit-liōng hîng-tshinn hi̍k-sim pang-lap ê tshiau-sin-sing po̍k-tsà bô-kâng, Ia hîng tshiau-sin-sing sī pe̍h-é-tshinn uì siang-tshinn-hē-thóng ê sing-phuānn khip-tsik bu̍t-tsit sán-sing ê jia̍t-hi̍k po̍k-tsà. Sui-bóng kóng tsit ê tshiau-sin-sing tsân-hâi tshāi tī Gîn-hô-puânn hū-kīn, jî-tshiánn i tī thinn-tíng pí gue̍h-niû khuànn–khí-lâi koh khah tuā lia̍p. M̄-koh i si̍t-tsāi sī siunn àm ah, suah khuànn bô. RCW 86 lî lán ū 8000 kng-nî hn̄g, tsha-put-to ū 100 kng-nî khuah.

[English] RCW 86: Historical Supernova Remnant

In 185 AD, Chinese astronomers recorded the appearance of a new star in the Nanmen asterism. That part of the sky is identified with Alpha and Beta Centauri on modern star charts. The new star was visible for months and is thought to be the earliest recorded supernova. This deep image shows emission nebula RCW 86, understood to be the remnant of that stellar explosion. The narrowband data trace gas ionized by the still expanding shock wave. Space-based images indicate an abundance of the element iron and lack of a neutron star or pulsar in the remnant, suggesting that the original supernova was Type Ia. Unlike the core collapse supernova explosion of a massive star, a Type Ia supernova is a thermonuclear detonation on a a white dwarf star that accretes material from a companion in a binary star system. Near the plane of our Milky Way galaxy and larger than a full moon on the sky this supernova remnant is too faint to be seen by eye though. RCW 86 is some 8,000 light-years distant and around 100 light-years across.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【RCW 86】RCW peh-cha̍p-la̍k/RCW peh-tsa̍p-la̍k/RCW 86/RCW 86
• 【超新星殘骸】chhiau-sin-seng chân-hâi/tshiau-sin-sing tsân-hâi/超新星殘骸/supernova remnant
• 【Ia 型超新星】It a hêng chhiau-sin-seng/It a hîng tshiau-sin-sing/Ia 型超新星/Type Ia supernova
• 【中子星】tiōng-chú-chhiⁿ/tiōng-tsú-tshinn/中子星/neutron star
• 【脈動星】be̍h-tōng-chhiⁿ/be̍h-tōng-tshinn/脈動星/pulsar
• 【南門星官】Lâm-mn̄g seng-koan/Lâm-mn̄g sing-kuan/南門星官/Nanmen asterism
• 【半人馬座 α】Poàn-jîn-má-chō Alpha/Puàn-jîn-má-tsō Alpha/半人馬座 α/Alpha Centauri
• 【半人馬座 β】Poàn-jîn-má-chō Beta/Puàn-jîn-má-tsō Beta/半人馬座 β/Beta Centauri
• 【超新星】chhiau-sin-seng/tshiau-sin-sing/超新星/supernova
• 【發射星雲】hoat-siā seng-hûn/huat-siā sing-hûn/發射星雲/emission nebula
• 【白矮星】pe̍h-é-chhiⁿ/pe̍h-é-tshinn/白矮星/white dwarf
• 【星伴】seng-phōaⁿ/sing-phuānn/伴星/companion star
• 【雙星系統】siang-chhiⁿ hē-thóng/siang-tshinn hē-thóng/雙星系統/binary star system
• 【超新星爆炸】chhiau-sin-seng po̍k-chà/tshiau-sin-sing po̍k-tsà/超新星爆炸/supernova explosion
• 【大質量恆星】tōa-chit-liōng hêng-chhiⁿ/tuā-tsit-liōng hîng-tshinn/大質量恆星/massive star
• 【核心崩塌】he̍k-sim pang-lap/hi̍k-sim pang-lap/核心崩塌/core collapse
• 【吸積】khip-chek/khip-chik/吸積/accretion
• 【銀河盤】Gîn-hô-pôaⁿ/Gîn-hô-puânn/銀河盤/plane of Milky Way galaxy
• 【熱核爆炸】jia̍t-he̍k po̍k-chà/jia̍t-hi̍k po̍k-tsà/熱核爆炸/thermonuclear detonation