重力 ê 笑容

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：Gravity’s Grin
• 影像來源：X-ray - NASA / CXC / J. Irwin et al. ; Optical - NASA/STScI
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] 重力 ê 笑容

100 冬前，愛因斯坦 發表 廣義相對論。 彼陣伊講，這个世界應該揣會著 重力透鏡 ê 現象。 這个遙遠星系 ê 奇怪外形，就是咧講這个現象。 這幅圖，是 ùi Chandra 太空望遠鏡 ê X-光影像資料 kah Hubble 太空望遠鏡 ê 可見光影像資料 來 ê。 伊有一个偏名，號做笑面貓星系群。 笑面貓就是 Alice 夢遊仙境內底彼隻，笑甲身軀無去，嘛猶看會著笑面 ê 貓仔。 星系群內底 ê 兩个大長株圓星系，去予幾若條光弧 kā 箍起來。 這寡光弧其實是背景遙遠星系 ê 可見光影像，受著前景星系群 重力質量分佈 ê 影響，kā 拗彎去矣。 重力質量，是 暗物質 決定 ê。 笑面貓 ê 兩粒目睭，就是彼兩个大長株圓星系。 In 是這馬當咧合併 ê 兩个星系群內底，上光 ê 兩个星系。 In ê 相對相碰速度，差不多是 一秒鐘走 1350 公里遐爾緊。 這會共氣體加溫到 幾若百萬度遐爾懸，產生 X-光，就是相片內底茄仔色 ê 部份。 你敢對星系群合併 有興趣？ 這个笑面貓星系群離咱有 46 億光年遠，in 就 tī 大熊座內底 咧笑。

[POJ] Tiōng-le̍k ê Chhiò-iông

100 tang chêng, Ài-in-su-thán hoat-pió kóng-gī siong-tùi-lūn. Hit-chūn i kóng, chit ê sè-kài èng-kai chhōe ē-tio̍h tiōng-le̍k thàu-kiàⁿ ê hiān-siōng. Chit ê iâu-oán seng-hē ê kî-koài gōa-hêng, to̍h sī leh kóng chit ê hiān-siōng. Chit pak tô͘, sī ùi Chandra thài-khong-bōng-oán-kiàⁿ ê X-kng iáⁿ-siōng chu-liāu kah Hubble thài-khong-bōng-oán-kiàⁿ ê X-kng iáⁿ-siōng chu-liāu lâi ê. I ū chi̍t ê phian-miâ, hō chò Chhiò-bīn-niau seng-hē-kûn. Chhiò-bīn-niau to̍h sī Alice Bāng-iû-sian-kéng lāi-té hit chiah, chhiò kah sin-khu bô–khì, mā iáu khòaⁿ-ē-tio̍h chhiò-bīn ê niau-á. Seng-hē-kûn lāi-té ê nn̄g ê tōa tn̂g-tu-îⁿ seng-hē, khì hō͘ kúi-ā tiâu kng-hô͘ kā kho͘–khí-lâi. Chit kóa kng-hō͘ kî-si̍t sī pōe-kéng iâu-oán seng-hē ê khó-kiàn-kng iáⁿ-siōng, siū-tio̍h chiân-kéng seng-hē-kûn tiōng-le̍k chit-liōng hun-pò͘ ê éng-hióng, kā áu-oan khì–ah. Tiōng-le̍k chit-liōng, sī àm-bu̍t-chit koat-tēng ê. Chhiò-bīn-niau ê nn̄g lia̍p ba̍k-chiu, to̍h sī hit nn̄g ê tōa tn̂g-tu-îⁿ seng-hē. In sī chit-má tng-leh ha̍p-pèng ê nn̄g ê seng-hē-kûn lāi-té, siōng kng ê nn̄g ê seng-hē. In ê siong-tùi sio-pōng sok-tō͘, chha-put-to sī chi̍t bió-cheng cháu 1350 kong-lí hiah-nī kín. Che ē kā khì-thé ka-ūn kàu kúi-ā pah-bān tō͘ hiah-nī koân, sán-seng X-kng, to̍h sī siòng-phìⁿ lāi-té kiô-á-sek ê pō͘-hūn. Lí kám tùi seng-hē-kûn ha̍p-pèng ū hèng-chhù? Chit ê Chhiò-bīn-niau seng-hē-kûn lî lán ū 46 ek kng-nî hn̄g, in to̍h tī Tāi-hîm-chō lāi-té leh chhiò.

[KIP] Tiōng-li̍k ê Tshiò-iông

100 tang tsîng, Ài-in-su-thán huat-pió kóng-gī siong-tuì-lūn. Hit-tsūn i kóng, tsit ê sè-kài ìng-kai tshuē ē-tio̍h tiōng-li̍k thàu-kiànn ê hiān-siōng. Tsit ê iâu-uán sing-hē ê kî-kuài guā-hîng, to̍h sī leh kóng tsit ê hiān-siōng. Tsit pak tôo, sī uì Chandra thài-khong-bōng-uán-kiànn ê X-kng iánn-siōng tsu-liāu kah Hubble thài-khong-bōng-uán-kiànn ê X-kng iánn-siōng tsu-liāu lâi ê. I ū tsi̍t ê phian-miâ, hō tsò Tshiò-bīn-niau sing-hē-kûn. Tshiò-bīn-niau to̍h sī Alice Bāng-iû-sian-kíng lāi-té hit tsiah, tshiò kah sin-khu bô–khì, mā iáu khuànn-ē-tio̍h tshiò-bīn ê niau-á. Sing-hē-kûn lāi-té ê nn̄g ê tuā tn̂g-tu-înn sing-hē, khì hōo kuí-ā tiâu kng-hôo kā khoo–khí-lâi. Tsit kuá kng-hōo kî-si̍t sī puē-kíng iâu-uán sing-hē ê khó-kiàn-kng iánn-siōng, siū-tio̍h tsiân-kíng sing-hē-kûn tiōng-li̍k tsit-liōng hun-pòo ê íng-hióng, kā áu-uan khì–ah. Tiōng-li̍k tsit-liōng, sī àm-bu̍t-tsit kuat-tīng ê. Tshiò-bīn-niau ê nn̄g lia̍p ba̍k-tsiu, to̍h sī hit nn̄g ê tuā tn̂g-tu-înn sing-hē. In sī tsit-má tng-leh ha̍p-pìng ê nn̄g ê sing-hē-kûn lāi-té, siōng kng ê nn̄g ê sing-hē. In ê siong-tuì sio-pōng sok-tōo, tsha-put-to sī tsi̍t bió-tsing tsáu 1350 kong-lí hiah-nī kín. Tse ē kā khì-thé ka-ūn kàu kuí-ā pah-bān tōo hiah-nī kuân, sán-sing X-kng, to̍h sī siòng-phìnn lāi-té kiô-á-sik ê pōo-hūn. Lí kám tuì sing-hē-kûn ha̍p-pìng ū hìng-tshù? Tsit ê Tshiò-bīn-niau sing-hē-kûn lî lán ū 46 ik kng-nî hn̄g, in to̍h tī Tāi-hîm-tsō lāi-té leh tshiò.

[English] Gravity’s Grin

Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity, published over 100 years ago, predicted the phenomenon of gravitational lensing. And that’s what gives these distant galaxies such a whimsical appearance, seen through the looking glass of X-ray and optical image data from the Chandra and Hubble space telescopes. Nicknamed the Cheshire Cat galaxy group, the group’s two large elliptical galaxies are suggestively framed by arcs. The arcs are optical images of distant background galaxies lensed by the foreground group’s total distribution of gravitational mass. Of course, that gravitational mass is dominated by dark matter. The two large elliptical “eye” galaxies represent the brightest members of their own galaxy groups which are merging. Their relative collisional speed of nearly 1,350 kilometers/second heats gas to millions of degrees producing the X-ray glow shown in purple hues. Curiouser about galaxy group mergers? The Cheshire Cat group grins in the constellation Ursa Major, some 4.6 billion light-years away.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【愛因斯坦】Ài-in-su-thán/Ài-in-su-thán/愛因斯坦/Albert Einstein
• 【廣義相對論】kóng-gī siong-tùi-lūn/kóng-gī siong-tùi-lūn/廣義相對論/general theory of relativity
• 【重力透鏡】tiōng-le̍k thàu-kiàⁿ/tiōng-li̍k thàu-kiànn/重力透鏡/gravitational lensing
• 【Chandra 太空望遠鏡】Chandra thài-khong-bōng-oán-kiàⁿ/Chandra thài-khong-bōng-uán-kiànn/錢卓拉太空望遠鏡/Chandra space telescope
• 【Hubble 太空望遠鏡】Hubble thài-khong-bōng-oán-kiàⁿ/Hubble thài-khong-bōng-uán-kiànn/哈伯太空望遠鏡/Hubble space telescope
• 【暗物質】àm-bu̍t-chit/àm-bu̍t-tsit/暗物質/dark matter
• 【重力質量】tiōng-le̍k bu̍t-chit/tiōng-li̍k bu̍t-tsit/重力質量/gravitational mass
• 【長株圓星系】tn̂g-tu-îⁿ seng-hē/tn̂g-tu-înn sing-hē/橢圓星系/elliptical galaxy
• 【大熊座】Tāi-hîm-chō/Tāi-hîm-tsō/大熊座/Ursa Major
• 【星系合併】seng-hē ha̍p-pèng/sing-hē ha̍p-pìng/星系合併/galaxies merger
• 【光弧】kng-hô͘/kng-hôo/光弧/arc
• 【笑面貓星系群】Chhiò-bīn-niau seng-kûn/Tshiò-bīn-niau sing-kûn/笑面貓星系群/the Cheshire Cat galaxy group
• 【Alice 夢遊仙境】Alice Bāng-iû-sian-kéng/Alice Bāng-iû-sian-kíng/愛麗絲夢遊仙境/Alice in Wonderland