第一幅視界尺度 ê 烏洞影像

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：First Horizon-Scale Image of a Black Hole
• 影像來源：Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
• 這禮拜是：烏洞週
• EHT 新結果 ê 發佈時間：後禮拜四
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] 第一幅視界尺度 ê 烏洞影像

烏洞看起來是生做啥款？ 為著欲揣著這个答案，地球各地 ê 電波望遠鏡 做伙合作，互相協調時間來觀測烏洞。 咱觀測 ê 這粒 烏洞，是目前咱知影 tī 天頂 有上大 事件視界 ê 烏洞。 若是孤一粒烏洞，就是干焦 烏-mih-mà 爾爾。 毋閣伊是一个引力怪獸，邊仔有發光氣體踅伊咧行。 歷史上頭一張 解析成功 ê 烏洞影像，是 M87 星系 中心 烏洞 邊仔 ê 區域。 觀測 ê 解析度比烏洞 ê 事件視界 較細，按呢咱拄仔好會當看著烏洞 ê 事件視界。 相片 中央烏烏彼區，毋是事件視界。 伊是 烏洞 ê 烏影，是中央區 ê 發射氣體去予中央烏洞 ê 重力食去矣。 烏洞烏影 ê 寸尺 kah 外形，是 事件視界邊仔 ê 發光氣體、強力 重力透鏡效應造成 ê 屈折、kah 烏洞自旋，做伙決定 ê。 事件視界望遠鏡 (EHT) 共 烏洞烏影 解析了後，就有法度證明 Einstein 進前講過 ê 重力理論：就算是 tī 極端區域，重力猶是有咧作用。 而且這擺 ê 觀測嘛予咱 清楚 ê 證據，講 M87 ê 中心有一粒自旋烏洞，伊 ê 質量有 60 億 ê 太陽質量遐爾大。 這張影像是 tī 2019 年 ê 時陣發表 ê，EHT 這馬有 愈來愈濟望遠鏡 加入，嘛觀測 愈來愈濟烏洞。 EHT 毋若會追蹤烏洞 ê 偏振光，這馬嘛開始觀測 咱 銀河系 中心 烏洞 kah 伊附近 ê 區域矣。

[POJ] Tē it pak Sī-kài chhioh-tō͘ ê O͘-tōng iáⁿ-siōng

O͘-tōng khòaⁿ–khí-lâi sī siⁿ-chò siáⁿ-khoán? Ùi tio̍h beh chhōe tio̍h chit ê tap-àn, Tē-kiû kok-tē ê tiān-pho bōng-oán-kiàⁿ chò-hóe ha̍p-chok, hō͘-siong hia̍p-tiau koan-chhek sî-kan lâi koan-chhek o͘-tōng. Lán koan-chhek ê chit lia̍p o͘-tōng, sī bo̍k-chêng lán chai-iáⁿ tī thiⁿ-téng ū siōng tōa sū-kiāⁿ-sī-kài ê o͘-tōng. Nā-sī ko͘ chi̍t lia̍p o͘-tōng, tō-sī kan-na o͘-mih-mà niā-niā. M̄-koh i sī chi̍t-ê ín-le̍k koài-siù, piⁿ-á ū hoat-kng khì-thé se̍h i leh kiâⁿ. Le̍k-sú siōng thâu chi̍t tiuⁿ kái-sek sêng-kong ê o͘-tōng iáⁿ-siōng, sī M87 seng-hē tiong-sim o͘-tōng piⁿ-á ê khu-he̍k. Koan-chhek ê kái-sek-tō͘ pí o͘-tōng ê sū-kiāⁿ-sī-kài khah sè, án-ne lán tú-á-hó ē-tàng khòaⁿ tio̍h o͘-tōng ê sū-kiāⁿ-sī-kài. Siòng-phìⁿ tiong-ng o͘-o͘ hit khu, m̄-sī sū-kiāⁿ-sī-kài. I sī o͘-tōng ê o͘-iáⁿ, sī tiong-iong-khu ê hoat-siā khì-thé khì hō͘ tiong-iong o͘-tōng ê tiōng-le̍k chia̍h–khì ah. O͘-tōng o͘-iáⁿ ê chhùn-chhioh kah gōa-hêng, sī sū-kiāⁿ-sī-kài piⁿ-á ê hoat-kng khì-thé, kiông-le̍k tiōng-le̍k thàu-kiàⁿ hāu-èng chō-sêng ê khut-chiat, kah o͘-tōng chū-soân, chò-hóe koat-tēng ê. Sū-kiāⁿ-sī-kài Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ (EHT) kā o͘-tōng o͘-iáⁿ kái-sek liáu-āu, to̍h ū hoat-tō͘ chèng-bêng Einstein chìn-chêng kóng kòe ê tiōng-le̍k lí-lūn: To̍h sǹg sī tī ke̍k-toan khu-he̍k, tiōng-le̍k iáu-ū leh chok-iōng. Jî-chhiáⁿ chit pái ê koan-chhek mā hō͘ lán chheng-chhó͘ ê chèng-kù, kóng M87 ê tiong-sim ū chi̍t lia̍p chū-soân o͘-tōng, i ê chit-liōng ū 60-ek ê thài-iông chit-liōng hiah-nī tōa. Chit tiuⁿ iáⁿ-siōng sī tī 2019 nî ê sî-chūn hoat-pió ê, EHT chit-má ū lú lâi lú chōe bōng-oán-kiàⁿ ka-ji̍p, mā koan-chhek lú lâi lú chōe o͘-tōng. EHT m̄-nā ē tui-chong ê phian-chìn-kng, chit-má mā khai-sí koan-chhek lán Gîn-hô-hē tiong-sim o͘-tōng kah i hū-kīn ê khu-he̍k ah.

[KIP] Tē it pak Sī-kài tshioh-tōo ê Oo-tōng iánn-siōng

Oo-tōng khuànn–khí-lâi sī sinn-tsò siánn-khuán? Uì tio̍h beh tshuē tio̍h tsit ê tap-àn, Tē-kiû kok-tē ê tiān-pho bōng-uán-kiànn tsò-hué ha̍p-tsok, hōo-siong hia̍p-tiau kuan-tshik sî-kan lâi kuan-tshik oo-tōng. Lán kuan-tshik ê tsit lia̍p oo-tōng, sī bo̍k-tsîng lán tsai-iánn tī thinn-tíng ū siōng tuā sū-kiānn-sī-kài ê oo-tōng. Nā-sī koo tsi̍t lia̍p oo-tōng, tō-sī kan-na oo-mih-mà niā-niā. M̄-koh i sī tsi̍t-ê ín-li̍k kuài-siù, pinn-á ū huat-kng khì-thé se̍h i leh kiânn. Li̍k-sú siōng thâu tsi̍t tiunn kái-sik sîng-kong ê oo-tōng iánn-siōng, sī M87 sing-hē tiong-sim oo-tōng pinn-á ê khu-hi̍k. Kuan-tshik ê kái-sik-tōo pí oo-tōng ê sū-kiānn-sī-kài khah sè, án-ne lán tú-á-hó ē-tàng khuànn tio̍h oo-tōng ê sū-kiānn-sī-kài. Siòng-phìnn tiong-ng oo-oo hit khu, m̄-sī sū-kiānn-sī-kài. I sī oo-tōng ê oo-iánn, sī tiong-iong-khu ê huat-siā khì-thé khì hōo tiong-iong oo-tōng ê tiōng-li̍k tsia̍h–khì ah. Oo-tōng oo-iánn ê tshùn-tshioh kah guā-hîng, sī sū-kiānn-sī-kài pinn-á ê huat-kng khì-thé, kiông-li̍k tiōng-li̍k thàu-kiànn hāu-ìng tsō-sîng ê khut-tsiat, kah oo-tōng tsū-suân, tsò-hué kuat-tīng ê. Sū-kiānn-sī-kài Bōng-uán-kiànn (EHT) kā oo-tōng oo-iánn kái-sik liáu-āu, to̍h ū huat-tōo tsìng-bîng Einstein tsìn-tsîng kóng kuè ê tiōng-li̍k lí-lūn: To̍h sǹg sī tī ki̍k-tuan khu-hi̍k, tiōng-li̍k iáu-ū leh tsok-iōng. Jî-tshiánn tsit pái ê kuan-tshik mā hōo lán tshing-tshóo ê tsìng-kù, kóng M87 ê tiong-sim ū tsi̍t lia̍p tsū-suân oo-tōng, i ê tsit-liōng ū 60-ik ê thài-iông tsit-liōng hiah-nī tuā. Tsit tiunn iánn-siōng sī tī 2019 nî ê sî-tsūn huat-pió ê, EHT tsit-má ū lú lâi lú tsuē bōng-uán-kiànn ka-ji̍p, mā kuan-tshik lú lâi lú tsuē oo-tōng. EHT m̄-nā ē tui-tsong ê phian-tsìn-kng, tsit-má mā khai-sí kuan-tshik lán Gîn-hô-hē tiong-sim oo-tōng kah i hū-kīn ê khu-hi̍k ah.

[English] First Horizon-Scale Image of a Black Hole

What does a black hole look like? To find out, radio telescopes from around the Earth coordinated observations of black holes with the largest known event horizons on the sky. Alone, black holes are just black, but these monster attractors are known to be surrounded by glowing gas. The first image was resolved the area around the black hole at the center of galaxy M87 on a scale below that expected for its event horizon. Pictured, the dark central region is not the event horizon, but rather the black hole’s shadow – the central region of emitting gas darkened by the central black hole’s gravity. The size and shape of the shadow is determined by bright gas near the event horizon, by strong gravitational lensing deflections, and by the black hole’s spin. In resolving this black hole’s shadow, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) bolstered evidence that Einstein’s gravity works even in extreme regions, and gave clear evidence that M87 has a central spinning black hole of about 6 billion solar masses. Since releasing this featured image in 2019, the EHT has expanded to include more telescopes, observe more black holes, track polarized light,and is working to observe the immediately vicinity of the black hole in the center of our Milky Way Galaxy.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【視界尺度】sī-kài chhioh-tō͘/sī-kài tshioh-tōo/視界尺度/horizon-scale
• 【烏洞】o͘-tōng/oo-tōng/黑洞/black hole
• 【電波望遠鏡】tiān-pho bōng-oán-kiàⁿ/tiān-pho bōng-uán-kiànn/電波望遠鏡/radio telescope
• 【事件視界】sū-kiāⁿ-sī-kài/sū-kiānn-sī-kài/事件視界/event horizon
• 【M87 星系】M peh-cha̍p-chhit seng-hē/M peh-tsa̍p-tshit sing-hē/M87 星系/M87 galaxy
• 【解析度】kái-sek-tō͘/kái-sik-tōo/解析度/resolution
• 【重力透鏡效應】tiōng-le̍k thàu-kiàⁿ hāu-èng/tiōng-li̍k thàu-kiànn hāu-ìng/重力透鏡效應/gravitational lensing effect
• 【自旋】chū-soân/tsū-suân/自旋/spin
• 【事件視界望遠鏡】Sū-kiāⁿ-sī-kài Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ/Sū-kiānn-sī-kài Bōng-uán-kiànn/事件視界望遠鏡/Event Horizon Telescope (EHT)
• 【太陽質量】Thài-iông chit-liōng/Thài-iông tsit-liōng/太陽質量/solar mass
• 【偏振光】phian-chìn-kng/phian-tsìn-kng/偏振光/polarized light
• 【2019 年】jī-khòng-i̍t-kiú nî/jī-khòng-i̍t-kiú nî/2019 年/in 2019