船尾座 內底 ê 三个星團

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：Three Clusters in Puppis
• 影像來源 kah 版權：Dave Doctor
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] 船尾座 內底 ê 三个星團

銀河內底 ê 開放星團 其實是足少年 ê。 一陣恆星 tī 銀河盤附近 做伙 pok–出來，按呢是一个星團。 毋閣 銀河潮汐力 kah 引力交互作用，會 kah 星團 擲–出去，按呢星團內底 ê 恆星數量 to̍h 會 愈來愈少。 這幅望遠鏡影像 ê 大細有 3 度闊，內底有 3 團 銀河系內底 ê 星團，攏 tī 南天 ê 航海星座 船尾座 ê 方向。 倒爿下跤 ê M46 離咱有 5500 光年遠。 正爿中央 ê M47 離咱干焦 1600 光年遠爾爾，頂懸 ê NGC 2423 離咱 2500 光年遠。 M46 干焦 3 億歲爾爾，伊 ê 大細差不多是 30 光年闊，內底有幾若百粒恆星。 你 ê 目睭若是袂䆀，應該會當 tī M46 星團 ê 11 點鐘方向，看著 行星形星雲 NGC 2438。 毋閣星雲 中心 ê 恆星 已經幾若十億歲矣！ NGC 2438 其實是前景星，只是伊拄仔好 chhāi tī M46 ê 頭前。 M47 星團是一个較細較 lang ê 星團，伊閣較少年，干焦 10 光年闊爾爾。 毋閣 NGC 2423 星團應該有 7.5 億年 歲 矣。 是講咱這馬 已經知影，有一粒 系外行星 踅 NGC 2423 星團內底 ê 一粒紅巨星 leh 行。

[POJ] Chûn-bóe-chō lāi-té ê Saⁿ-ê Seng-thoân

Gîn-hô lāi-té ê khai-hòng seng-thoân kî-si̍t sī chiok siàu-liân ê. Chi̍t-tīn hêng-chhiⁿ tī Gîn-hô-pôaⁿ hū-kīn chò-hóe pok–chhut-lâi, án-ne sī chi̍t-ê seng-thoân. M̄-koh Gîn-hô tiâu-sek-le̍k kah ín-le̍k kau-hō͘-chok-iōng, ē kah seng-thoân tàn–chhut-khì, án-ne seng-thoân lāi-té ê hêng-chhiⁿ sò͘-liōng to̍h ē lú-lâi lú-chió. Chit-pak bōng-oán-kiàⁿ iáⁿ-siōng ê tōa-sè ū 3 tō͘ khoah, lāi-té ū 3 thoân Gîn-hô-hē lāi-té ê seng-thoân, lóng tī lâm-thian ê hâng-hái seng-chō Chûn-bóe-chō ê hong-hiòng. Tò-pêng ē-kha ê M46 lî lán ū 5500 kng-nî hn̄g. Chiàⁿ-pêng tiong-ng ê M47 lî lán kan-na 1600 kng-nî hn̄g niā-niā, téng-koân ê NGC 2423 lî lán 2500 kng-nî hn̄g. M46 kan-na 3 ek hòe niā-niā, i ê tōa-sè chha-put-to sī 30 kng-nî khoah, lāi-té ū kúi-ā-pah-lia̍p hêng-chhiⁿ. Lí ê ba̍k-chiu nā-sī bōe-bái, eng-kai ē-tàng tī M46 seng-thoân ê 11 tiám-cheng hong-hiòng, khòaⁿ-tio̍h kiâⁿ-chhiⁿ-hêng seng-hûn NGC 2438. M̄-koh seng-hûn tiong-sim ê hêng-chhiⁿ í-keng kúi-ā-cha̍p-ek hòe ah! NGC 2438 kî-si̍t sī chiân-kéng-chhiⁿ, chí-sī i tú-á-hó chhāi tī M46 ê thâu-chêng. M47 seng-thoân sī chi̍t-ê khah lang ê seng-thoân, i koh-khah siàu-liân, kan-na 10 kng-nî khoah niā-niā. M̄-koh NGC 2423 seng-thoân eng-kai ū 7.5 ek hòe ah. Sī-kóng lán chit-má í-keng chai-iáⁿ, ū chi̍t-lia̍p hē-gōa-kiâⁿ-chhiⁿ se̍h NGC 2423 seng-thoân lāi-té ê chi̍t-lia̍p âng-kū-chhiⁿ leh kiâⁿ.

[KIP] Tsûn-bué-tsō lāi-té ê Sann-ê Sing-thuân

Gîn-hô lāi-té ê khai-hòng sing-thuân kî-si̍t sī tsiok siàu-liân ê. Tsi̍t-tīn hîng-tshinn tī Gîn-hô-puânn hū-kīn tsò-hué pok–tshut-lâi, án-ne sī tsi̍t-ê sing-thuân. M̄-koh Gîn-hô tiâu-sik-li̍k kah ín-li̍k kau-hōo-tsok-iōng, ē kah sing-thuân tàn–tshut-khì, án-ne sing-thuân lāi-té ê hîng-tshinn sòo-liōng to̍h ē lú-lâi lú-tsió. Tsit-pak bōng-uán-kiànn iánn-siōng ê tuā-sè ū 3 tōo khuah, lāi-té ū 3 thuân Gîn-hô-hē lāi-té ê sing-thuân, lóng tī lâm-thian ê hâng-hái sing-tsō Tsûn-bué-tsō ê hong-hiòng. Tò-pîng ē-kha ê M46 lî lán ū 5500 kng-nî hn̄g. Tsiànn-pîng tiong-ng ê M47 lî lán kan-na 1600 kng-nî hn̄g niā-niā, tíng-kuân ê NGC 2423 lî lán 2500 kng-nî hn̄g. M46 kan-na 3 ik huè niā-niā, i ê tuā-sè tsha-put-to sī 30 kng-nî khuah, lāi-té ū kuí-ā-pah-lia̍p hîng-tshinn. Lí ê ba̍k-tsiu nā-sī buē-bái, ing-kai ē-tàng tī M46 sing-thuân ê 11 tiám-tsing hong-hiòng, khuànn-tio̍h kiânn-tshinn-hîng sing-hûn NGC 2438. M̄-koh sing-hûn tiong-sim ê hîng-tshinn í-king kuí-ā-tsa̍p-ik huè ah! NGC 2438 kî-si̍t sī tsiân-kíng-tshinn, tsí-sī i tú-á-hó tshāi tī M46 ê thâu-tsîng. M47 sing-thuân sī tsi̍t-ê khah lang ê sing-thuân, i koh-khah siàu-liân, kan-na 10 kng-nî khuah niā-niā. M̄-koh NGC 2423 sing-thuân ing-kai ū 7.5 ik huè ah. Sī-kóng lán tsit-má í-king tsai-iánn, ū tsi̍t-lia̍p hē-guā-kiânn-tshinn se̍h NGC 2423 sing-thuân lāi-té ê tsi̍t-lia̍p âng-kū-tshinn leh kiânn.

[English] Three Clusters in Puppis

Galactic or open star clusters are young. The swarms of stars are born together near the plane of the Milky Way, but their numbers steadily dwindle as cluster members are ejected by galactic tides and gravitational interactions. Caught in this telescopic frame over three degrees across are three good examples of galactic star clusters, seen toward the southern sky’s nautical constellation Puppis. Below and left, M46 is some 5,500 light-years in the distance. Right of center M47 is only 1,600 light-years away and NGC 2423 (top) is about 2500 light-years distant. Around 300 million years young M46 contains a few hundred stars in a region about 30 light-years across. Sharp eyes can spot a planetary nebula, NGC 2438, at about 11 o’clock against the M46 cluster stars. But that nebula’s central star is billions of years old, and NGC 2438 is likely a foreground object only by chance along the line of sight to youthful M46. Even younger, aged around 80 million years, M47 is a smaller and looser star cluster spanning about 10 light-years. Star cluster NGC 2423 is pushing about 750 million years in age though. NGC 2423 is known to harbor an extrasolar planet, detected orbiting one of its red giant stars.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【開放星團】khai-hòng-seng-thoân/khai-hòng-sing-thuân/開放星團/open star cluster
• 【船尾座】chûn-bóe-chō/tsûn-bué-tsō/船尾座/Puppis
• 【銀河盤】Gîn-hô-pôaⁿ/Gîn-hô-puânn/銀河盤/the plane of the Milky Way
• 【行星形星雲】kiâⁿ-chhiⁿ-hêng seng-hûn/kiânn-tshinn-hîng sing-hûn/行星狀星雲/planetary nebula
• 【潮汐力】tiâu-sek-le̍k/tiâu-sik-li̍k/潮汐力/tide force
• 【紅巨星】âng-kū-chhiⁿ/âng-kū-tshinn/紅巨星/red giant star
• 【系外行星】hē-gōa-kiâⁿ-chhiⁿ/hē-guā-kiânn-tshinn/系外行星/extrasolar planet
• 【M46】M sì-cha̍p-la̍k/M sì-tsa̍p-la̍k/M46/M46
• 【M47】M sì-cha̍p-chhit/M sì-tsa̍p-tshit/M47/M47
• 【NGC 2438】NGC jī-sù-sam-pat/NGC jī-sù-sam-pat/NGC 2438/NGC 2438
• 【NGC 2423】NGC jī-sù-jī-sam/NGC jī-sù-jī-sam/NGC 2423/NGC 2423