寒天 ê 車路 kah 天頂 ê 四重月暈

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：Quadruple Lunar Halo Over Winter Road
• 影像來源 kah 版權：Dani Caxete
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] 寒天 ê 車路 kah 天頂 ê 四重月暈

有當時仔，落–落來 ê 冰晶予太氣層變做一个大透鏡，產生日頭 kah 月娘邊仔一輾 ê 光弧 kah 光暈。 2012 年寒天 ê 一个拜六暗，tī 西班牙 Madrid 附近 ê 天頂毋若出現一粒足光 ê 月娘，閣有四重足罕得看著 ê 月暈。 這張相片 中央上光彼粒 to̍h 是月娘。 月光去予落–落來 ê 六角形冰晶 屈折 了後，to̍h 會 tī 離月娘 22 度闊 ê 所在產生這个足罕得看著 ê 22 度月暈。 Tī 這个 22 度光弧水平方向閣較外口 ê 所在，有一輾閣較罕得看著 ê 外接月暈，是 柱仔形冰晶 造成 ê 現象。 閣較罕得看著 ê 是，有一寡月光去予閣較遠 ê 冰晶 屈折去，煞 tī 離月娘 46 度遠 ê 所在，產生第三重敢若虹 ê 光弧，to̍h 親像是這張 寒天天頂 ê 景色仝款。 而且，這个 離月娘 46 度遠 ê 圓箍仔月暈，大部份嘛攏看會著。 所以才會講，翕著這張 四重月暈 ê 相片，尤其是翕著月娘 ê，實在是真無簡單。 這張背景是一个足有名 ê 冬季天景，有 天郎星、kah 獵戶座皮帶、kah 參宿四。 In 攏 tī 內底彼輾光弧 kah 外口彼輾光弧之間揣會著。 月暈 kah 光弧會當擋幾若分鐘到幾若點鐘遐爾久。 你若是看著這个現象，猶會赴-lih 樓頂招樓跤、阿母招阿爸、厝邊招隔壁、朋友招親情，鬥陣做伙 來去欣賞這个 特別 ê 天景。

[POJ] Kôaⁿ-thiⁿ ê chhia-lō͘ kah Thiⁿ-téng ê Sì-têng Goe̍h-n̄g

Ū-tang-sî-á, la̍k–lo̍h-lâi ê peng-chiⁿ hō͘ tōa-khì-chân piàn-chò chi̍t-ê tōa-thàu-kiàⁿ, sán-seng ji̍t-thâu kah goe̍h-niû piⁿ-á chi̍t-liàn ê kng-hô͘ kah kng-n̄g. jī-khòng-it-jī nî kôaⁿ-thiⁿ ê chi̍t-ê pài-la̍k àm, tī Se-pan-gâ Madrid hū-kīn ê thiⁿ-téng m̄-nā chhut-hiān chi̍t-lia̍p chiok-kng ê Goe̍h-niû, koh-ū sì-têng chiok hán-tit khòaⁿ-tio̍h ê goe̍h-n̄g. Chit-tiuⁿ siòng-phìⁿ tiong-ng siōng-kng hit-lia̍p to̍h sī goe̍h-niû. Goe̍h-kng khì hō͘ la̍k–lo̍h-lâi ê la̍k-kak-hêng peng-chiⁿ khut-chiat liáu-āu, to̍h ē tī lî goe̍h-niû jī-cha̍p-jī tō͘ hn̄g ê só͘-chāi sán-seng chit-ê chiok hán-tit khòaⁿ-tio̍h ê jī-cha̍p-jī tō͘ goe̍h-n̄g. Tī chit-ê jī-cha̍p-jī tō͘ kng-hô͘ chúi-pêⁿ hong-hiòng koh-khah gōa-kháu ê só͘-chāi, ū chi̍t-liàn koh-khah hán-tit khòaⁿ-tio̍h ê gōa-chiap goe̍h-n̄g, sī thiāu-á-hêng peng-chiⁿ chō-sêng ê hiān-siōng. Koh-khah hán-tit khòaⁿ-tio̍h ê sì, ū chi̍t-kóa goe̍h-kng khì hō͘ koh-khah hn̄g ê peng-chiⁿ khut-chiat–khì, soah tī lî goe̍h-niû sì-cha̍p-la̍k tō͘ hn̄g ê só͘-chāi, sán-seng tē-saⁿ-têng ká-ná khēng ê kng-hô͘, to̍h chhin-chhiūⁿ sī chit-tiuⁿ kôaⁿ-thiⁿ thiⁿ-téng ê kéng-sek kāng-khoán. Jî-chhiáⁿ, chit-ê lî goe̍h-niû sì-cha̍p-la̍k tō͘ hn̄g ê îⁿ-kho͘-á goe̍h-n̄g, tōa-pō͘-hūn lóng-mā khòaⁿ-ē-tio̍h. Só͘-í chiah-ē kóng, hip-tio̍h chit-tiuⁿ sì-têng goe̍h-n̄g ê siòng-phìⁿ, iû-kî sī hip-tio̍h goe̍h-niû ê, si̍t-chāi sī chin bô kán-tan. Chit-tiuⁿ pōe-kéng sī chi̍t-ê chiok ū-miâ ê tang-kùi thian-kéng, ū Thian-lông-chhiⁿ, La̍h-hō͘-chō phôe-tòa, kah Chham-siù-sù. In lóng tī lāi-té hit-liàn kng-hô͘ kah gōa-kháu hit-liàn kng-hô͘ chi-kan chhōe-ē-tio̍h. Goe̍h-n̄g kah kng-hô͘ ē-tàng tòng kúi-ā hun-cheng kàu kúi-ā tiám-cheng hiah-nī kú. Lí nā-sī khòaⁿ-tio̍h chit-ê hiān-siōng, iáu ē-hù-lih lâu-téng chio lâu-kha, a-bú chio a-pa, chhù-piⁿ chio keh-piah, pêng-iú chio chhin-chiâⁿ, tàu-tīn chò-hóe lâi-khì him-sióng chit-ê te̍k-pia̍t ê thian-kéng.

[KIP] Kuânn-thinn ê tshia-lōo kah Thinn-tíng ê Sì-tîng Gue̍h-n̄g

Ū-tang-sî-á, la̍k–lo̍h-lâi ê ping-tsinn hōo tuā-khì-tsân piàn-tsò tsi̍t-ê tuā-thàu-kiànn, sán-sing ji̍t-thâu kah gue̍h-niû pinn-á tsi̍t-liàn ê kng-hôo kah kng-n̄g. jī-khòng-it-jī nî kuânn-thinn ê tsi̍t-ê pài-la̍k àm, tī Se-pan-gâ Madrid hū-kīn ê thinn-tíng m̄-nā tshut-hiān tsi̍t-lia̍p tsiok-kng ê Gue̍h-niû, koh-ū sì-tîng tsiok hán-tit khuànn-tio̍h ê gue̍h-n̄g. Tsit-tiunn siòng-phìnn tiong-ng siōng-kng hit-lia̍p to̍h sī gue̍h-niû. Gue̍h-kng khì hōo la̍k–lo̍h-lâi ê la̍k-kak-hîng ping-tsinn khut-tsiat liáu-āu, to̍h ē tī lî gue̍h-niû jī-tsa̍p-jī tōo hn̄g ê sóo-tsāi sán-sing tsit-ê tsiok hán-tit khuànn-tio̍h ê jī-tsa̍p-jī tōo gue̍h-n̄g. Tī tsit-ê jī-tsa̍p-jī tōo kng-hôo tsuí-pênn hong-hiòng koh-khah guā-kháu ê sóo-tsāi, ū tsi̍t-liàn koh-khah hán-tit khuànn-tio̍h ê guā-tsiap gue̍h-n̄g, sī thiāu-á-hîng ping-tsinn tsō-sîng ê hiān-siōng. Koh-khah hán-tit khuànn-tio̍h ê sì, ū tsi̍t-kuá gue̍h-kng khì hōo koh-khah hn̄g ê ping-tsinn khut-tsiat–khì, suah tī lî gue̍h-niû sì-tsa̍p-la̍k tōo hn̄g ê sóo-tsāi, sán-sing tē-sann-tîng ká-ná khīng ê kng-hôo, to̍h tshin-tshiūnn sī tsit-tiunn kuânn-thinn thinn-tíng ê kíng-sik kāng-khuán. Jî-tshiánn, tsit-ê lî gue̍h-niû sì-tsa̍p-la̍k tōo hn̄g ê înn-khoo-á gue̍h-n̄g, tuā-pōo-hūn lóng-mā khuànn-ē-tio̍h. Sóo-í tsiah-ē kóng, hip-tio̍h tsit-tiunn sì-tîng gue̍h-n̄g ê siòng-phìnn, iû-kî sī hip-tio̍h gue̍h-niû ê, si̍t-tsāi sī tsin bô kán-tan. Tsit-tiunn puē-kíng sī tsi̍t-ê tsiok ū-miâ ê tang-kuì thian-kíng, ū Thian-lông-tshinn, La̍h-hōo-tsō phuê-tuà, kah Tsham-siù-sù. In lóng tī lāi-té hit-liàn kng-hôo kah guā-kháu hit-liàn kng-hôo tsi-kan tshuē-ē-tio̍h. Gue̍h-n̄g kah kng-hôo ē-tàng tòng kuí-ā hun-tsing kàu kuí-ā tiám-tsing hiah-nī kú. Lí nā-sī khuànn-tio̍h tsit-ê hiān-siōng, iáu ē-hù-lih lâu-tíng tsio lâu-kha, a-bú tsio a-pa, tshù-pinn tsio keh-piah, pîng-iú tsio tshin-tsiânn, tàu-tīn tsò-hué lâi-khì him-sióng tsit-ê ti̍k-pia̍t ê thian-kíng.

[English] Quadruple Lunar Halo Over Winter Road

Sometimes falling ice crystals make the atmosphere into a giant lens causing arcs and halos to appear around the Sun or Moon. One Saturday night in 2012 was just such a time near Madrid, Spain, where a winter sky displayed not only a bright Moon but four rare lunar halos. The brightest object, near the top of the featured image, is the Moon. Light from the Moon refracts through tumbling hexagonal ice crystals into a somewhat rare 22-degree halo seen surrounding the Moon. Elongating the 22-degree arc horizontally is a more rare circumscribed halo caused by column ice crystals. Even more rare, some moonlight refracts through more distant tumbling ice crystals to form a (third) rainbow-like arc 46 degrees from the Moon and appearing here just above a picturesque winter landscape. Furthermore, part of a whole 46-degree circular halo is also visible, so that an extremely rare – especially for the Moon – quadruple halo was captured. Far in the background is a famous winter skyscape that includes Sirius, the belt of Orion, and Betelgeuse – visible between the inner and outer arcs. Halos and arcs typically last for minutes to hours, so if you do see one there should be time to invite family, friends or neighbors to share your unusual lensed vista of the sky.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【冰晶】peng-chiⁿ/ping-tsinn/冰晶/ice crystal
• 【六角形冰晶】la̍k-kak-hêng peng-chiⁿ/la̍k-kak-hîng ping-tsinn/六角形冰晶/hexagonal ice crystals
• 【柱仔形冰晶】thiāu-á-hêng peng-chiⁿ/thiāu-á-hîng ping-tsinn/柱狀冰晶/column ice crystals
• 【透鏡】thàu-kiàⁿ/thàu-kiànn/透鏡/lens
• 【光弧】kng-hô͘/kng-hôo/光弧/arc
• 【光暈】kng-n̄g/kng-n̄g/光暈/halo
• 【屈折】khut-chiat/khut-tsiat/折射/refract
• 【外接月暈】gōa-chiap goe̍h-n̄g/guā-tsiap gue̍h-n̄g/外接月暈/circumscribed halo
• 【天狼星】Thian-lông-chhiⁿ/Thian-lông-tshinn/天狼星/Sirius
• 【獵戶座皮帶】La̍h-hō͘-chō phôe-tòa/La̍h-hōo-tsō phuê-tuà/獵戶座腰帶/the belt of Orion
• 【參宿四】Chham-siù-sù/Tsham-siù-sù/參宿四/Betelgeuse