彗星 kah 火流星

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：The Comet and the Fireball
• 影像來源 kah 版權：Cory Poole
• 超空間：APOD 亂數產生器
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] 彗星 kah 火流星

這張相片本底是欲翕彗星。 應該是講，這本底是欲翕 2021 年上光 ê Leonard 彗星 翕規組 ê。 毋閣 宇宙 總是有伊家己 ê 想法。 Tī 無夠一秒鐘 ê 時間內底，有一粒足光 ê 流星，咱 kā 叫做火流星，伊 ê 軌跡 拄仔好出現 tī Leonard 彗星 ê 下底。 這粒 流星 ê 爍光 是比彗鬚 ê 青光閣較青。 流星 ê 核心差不多 kah 溪邊 ê 石頭平大粒，毋閣彗星 ê 核心 to̍h kah 一个城市平大 矣。 流星 ê 青光 是 ùi 流星 ê 核心蒸發出來 ê 鎂，毋閣 彗星 ê 青光 可能是 ùi 彗星 ê 核心噴出來 ê 雙原子碳。 這張相片是 10 工前 tī 美國 加州 ê Sacramento 河 kah Lassen 山 翕 ê 夜景。 火流星出現 tī 今年 雙生仔座流星雨 ê 前半場，閣過幾若工 to̍h 是流星上濟彼工矣。 Leonard 彗星 這馬已經變甲愈來愈暗矣，頂禮拜是目睭會當看上清楚 ê 時陣，這馬已經 徙到南方 ê 天頂 矣。

[POJ] Hūi-chhiⁿ kah Hóe-liû-chhiⁿ

Chit-tiuⁿ siòng-phìⁿ pún-tē sī beh hip hūi-chhiⁿ. Èng-kai sī-kóng, che pún-tē sī beh hip jī-khòng-jī-it nî siōng-kng ê Leonard hūi-chhiⁿ hip kui-cho͘ ê. M̄-koh ú-tiū chóng-sī ū i ka-tī ê siūⁿ-hoat. Tī bô-kàu chi̍t-bió-cheng ê sî-kan lāi-té, ū chi̍t-lia̍p chiok-kng ê liû-chhiⁿ, lán kā kiò-chò hóe-liû-chhiⁿ, i ê kúi-jiah tú-á-hó chhut-hiān tī Leonard hūi-chhiⁿ ê ē-té. Chit-lia̍p liû-chhiⁿ ê sih-kng sī pí hūi-chhiu ê chhiⁿ-kng koh khah chhiⁿ. Liû-chhiⁿ ê he̍k-sim chha-put-to kah khe-piⁿ ê chio̍h-thâu pêⁿ-tōa-lia̍p, m̄-koh hūi-chhiu ê he̍k-sim to̍h kah chi̍t-ê siâⁿ-chhī pêⁿ-tōa ah. Liû-chhiⁿ ê chhiⁿ-kng sī ùi liû-chhiⁿ ê he̍k-sim cheng-hoat–chhut-lâi ê bí, m̄-koh hui-chhiⁿ ê chhiⁿ-kng khó-lêng sī ùi hūi-chhiu ê he̍k-sim phùn–chhut-lâi ê siang-goân-chú-thòaⁿ. Chit-tiuⁿ siòng-phìⁿ sī cha̍p-kang chêng tī Bí-kok ka-chiu ê Sacramento hô kah Lassen soaⁿ hip ê iā-kéng. Hóe-liû-chhiⁿ chhut-hiān tī kin-nî Siang-siⁿ-á-chō liû-chhiⁿ-hō͘ ê chêng-pòaⁿ-tiuⁿ, koh kòe kúi-ā-kang to̍h sī liû-chhiⁿ siōng-chōe hit-kang ah. Leonard hui-chhiⁿ chit-má í-keng piàn-kah lú-lâi-lú-àm ah, téng-lé-pài sī ba̍k-chiu ē-tàng khòaⁿ siōng-chheng-chhó͘ ê sî-chūn, chit-má í-keng sóa kàu lâm-hong ê thiⁿ-téng ah.

[KIP] Huī-tshinn kah Hué-liû-tshinn

Tsit-tiunn siòng-phìnn pún-tē sī beh hip huī-tshinn. Ìng-kai sī-kóng, tse pún-tē sī beh hip jī-khòng-jī-it nî siōng-kng ê Leonard huī-tshinn hip kui-tsoo ê. M̄-koh ú-tiū tsóng-sī ū i ka-tī ê siūnn-huat. Tī bô-kàu tsi̍t-bió-tsing ê sî-kan lāi-té, ū tsi̍t-lia̍p tsiok-kng ê liû-tshinn, lán kā kiò-tsò hué-liû-tshinn, i ê kuí-jiah tú-á-hó tshut-hiān tī Leonard huī-tshinn ê ē-té. Tsit-lia̍p liû-tshinn ê sih-kng sī pí huī-tshiu ê tshinn-kng koh khah tshinn. Liû-tshinn ê hi̍k-sim tsha-put-to kah khe-pinn ê tsio̍h-thâu pênn-tuā-lia̍p, m̄-koh huī-tshiu ê hi̍k-sim to̍h kah tsi̍t-ê siânn-tshī pênn-tuā ah. Liû-tshinn ê tshinn-kng sī uì liû-tshinn ê hi̍k-sim tsing-huat–tshut-lâi ê bí, m̄-koh hui-tshinn ê tshinn-kng khó-lîng sī uì huī-tshiu ê hi̍k-sim phùn–tshut-lâi ê siang-guân-tsú-thuànn. Tsit-tiunn siòng-phìnn sī tsa̍p-kang tsîng tī Bí-kok ka-tsiu ê Sacramento hô kah Lassen suann hip ê iā-kíng. Hué-liû-tshinn tshut-hiān tī kin-nî Siang-sinn-á-tsō liû-tshinn-hōo ê tsîng-puànn-tiunn, koh kuè kuí-ā-kang to̍h sī liû-tshinn siōng-tsuē hit-kang ah. Leonard hui-tshinn tsit-má í-king piàn-kah lú-lâi-lú-àm ah, tíng-lé-pài sī ba̍k-tsiu ē-tàng khuànn siōng-tshing-tshóo ê sî-tsūn, tsit-má í-king suá kàu lâm-hong ê thinn-tíng ah.

[English] The Comet and the Fireball

This picture was supposed feature a comet. Specifically, a series of images of the brightest comet of 2021 were being captured: Comet Leonard. But the universe had other plans. Within a fraction of a second, a meteor so bright it could be called a fireball streaked through just below the comet. And the meteor’s flash was even more green than the comet’s coma. The cause of the meteor’s green was likely magnesium evaporating from the meteor’s pebble-sized core, while the cause of the comet’s green was likely diatomic carbon recently ejected from the comet’s city-sized nucleus. The images were taken 10 days ago over the Sacramento River and Mt. Lassen in California, USA. The fireball was on the leading edge of this year’s Geminid Meteor Shower – which peaked a few days later. Comet Leonard is now fading after reaching naked-eye visibility last week – but now is moving into southern skies.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【火流星】hóe-liû-chhiⁿ/hué-liû-tshinn/火流星/fireball meteor
• 【鎂】bí/bí/鎂/magnesium
• 【雙原子碳】siang-goân-chú-thòaⁿ/siang-guân-tsú-thuànn/雙原子碳/diatomic carbon
• 【雙生仔座流星雨】Siang-siⁿ-á-chō liû-chhiⁿ-hō͘/Siang-sinn-á-tsō liû-tshinn-hōo/雙子座流星雨/Geminid Meteor Shower
• 【彗鬚】hūi-chhiu/huī-tshiu/彗髮/coma