19 擺 ê 重力波頻譜圖

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：Ninety Gravitational Wave Spectrograms and Counting
• 影像來源：Gregg RuppelNSF, LIGO, VIRGO, KAGRA, Georgia Tech, Vanderbilt U.; Graphic : Sudarshan Ghonge & Karan Jani
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] 19 擺 ê 重力波頻譜圖

逐改若是有兩个 烏洞相碰，to̍h 會 tī 宇宙發出足大聲 ê 重力波。 人類到 7 年前才有法度聽著這个 特別 ê 聲，毋閣咱已經 tī 前三輪觀測聽著 90 擺事件矣。 這張圖 是頻譜圖，是重力波頻率 kah 時間 ê 關係。 這 90 擺事件是用 LIGO (美國) 、VIRGO (歐洲)、kah KAGRA (日本) ê 大型探測器揣著 ê。 相碰事件 ê 能量 傳到 地球 若是愈強，顯示 tī 圖內底 ê to̍h 會 愈光。 這是科學界新 ê 發展，重力輻射 ê 聲 予咱發現講，烏洞 kah 中子星比咱知影 ê 閣較濟，嘛予咱一个新 ê 方式去 量宇宙 ê 脹大率。 第四輪 ê 重力波觀測 會 tī 2022 年 ê 12 月，會有較懸 ê 敏感度。

[POJ] Cha̍p-káu-pái ê tiōng-le̍k-pho pîn-phó͘-tô͘

Ta̍k-kái nā-sī ū nn̄g-ê o͘-tōng sio-pōng, to̍h ē tī ú-tiū hoat-chhut chiok-tōa siaⁿ ê tiōng-le̍k-pho. Jîn-lūi kàu chhit nî-chêng chiah ū-hoat-tō͘ thiaⁿ-tio̍h chit-ê te̍k-pia̍t ê siaⁿ, m̄-koh lán í-keng tī chêng saⁿ lûn koan-chhek thiaⁿ-tio̍h káu-cha̍p pái sū-kiāⁿ ah. Chit-tiuⁿ tô͘ sī pîn-phó͘-tô͘, sī tiōng-le̍k-pho pîn-lu̍t kah sî-kan ê koan-hē. Che káu-cha̍p pái sū-kiāⁿ sī iōng LIGO (Bí-kok), VIRGO (Au-chiu), kah KAGRA (Ji̍t-pún) ê tōa-hêng thàm-chhek chhōe-tio̍h ê. Sio-pōng sū-kiāⁿ ê lêng-liōng thoân kàu Tē-kiû nā-sī lú-kiông, hián-sī tī tô͘ lāi-té ê to̍h ē lú-kng. Che sī kho-ha̍k-kài sin ê hoat-tián, tiōng-le̍k hok-siā ê siaⁿ hō͘ lán hoat-hiān kóng, o͘-tōng kah tiōng-chú-chhiⁿ pí lán chai-iáⁿ ê koh-khah chòe, mā hō͘ lán chi̍t-ê sin ê hong-sek khì niû ú-tiū ê tiùⁿ-tōa-lu̍t. Tē sì lûn ê tiōng-le̍k-pho koan-chhek ē tī jī-khòng-jī-jī nî ê cha̍p-jī goe̍h, ē ū khah-koân ê bín-kám-tō͘.

[KIP] Tsa̍p-káu-pái ê tiōng-li̍k-pho pîn-phóo-tôo

Ta̍k-kái nā-sī ū nn̄g-ê oo-tōng sio-pōng, to̍h ē tī ú-tiū huat-tshut tsiok-tuā siann ê tiōng-li̍k-pho. Jîn-luī kàu tshit nî-tsîng tsiah ū-huat-tōo thiann-tio̍h tsit-ê ti̍k-pia̍t ê siann, m̄-koh lán í-king tī tsîng sann lûn kuan-tshik thiann-tio̍h káu-tsa̍p pái sū-kiānn ah. Tsit-tiunn tôo sī pîn-phóo-tôo, sī tiōng-li̍k-pho pîn-lu̍t kah sî-kan ê kuan-hē. Tse káu-tsa̍p pái sū-kiānn sī iōng LIGO (Bí-kok), VIRGO (Au-tsiu), kah KAGRA (Ji̍t-pún) ê tuā-hîng thàm-tshik tshuē-tio̍h ê. Sio-pōng sū-kiānn ê lîng-liōng thuân kàu Tē-kiû nā-sī lú-kiông, hián-sī tī tôo lāi-té ê to̍h ē lú-kng. Tse sī kho-ha̍k-kài sin ê huat-tián, tiōng-li̍k hok-siā ê siann hōo lán huat-hiān kóng, oo-tōng kah tiōng-tsú-tshinn pí lán tsai-iánn ê koh-khah tsuè, mā hōo lán tsi̍t-ê sin ê hong-sik khì niû ú-tiū ê tiùnn-tuā-lu̍t. Tē sì lûn ê tiōng-li̍k-pho kuan-tshik ē tī jī-khòng-jī-jī nî ê tsa̍p-jī gue̍h, ē ū khah-kuân ê bín-kám-tōo.

[English] Ninety Gravitational Wave Spectrograms and Counting

Every time two massive black holes collide, a loud chirping sound is broadcast out into the universe in gravitational waves. Humanity has only had the technology to hear these unusual chirps for the past seven years, but since then we have heard about 90 – during the first three observing runs. Featured above are the spectrograms – plots of gravitational-wave frequency versus time – of these 90 as detected by the giant detectors of LIGO (in the USA), VIRGO (in Europe), and KAGRA (in Japan). The more energy received on Earth from a collision, the brighter it appears on the graphic. Among many science firsts, these gravitational-radiation chirps are giving humanity an unprecedented inventory of black holes and neutron stars, and a new way to measure the expansion rate of our universe. A fourth gravitational wave observing run with increased sensitivity is currently planned to begin in 2022 December.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【重力波】tiōng-le̍k-pho/tiōng-li̍k-pho/重力波/gravitational wave
• 【頻譜圖】pîn-phó͘-tô͘/pîn-phóo-tôo/頻譜圖/spectrogram
• 【烏洞】o͘-tōng/oo-tōng/黑洞/black hole
• 【中子星】tiōng-chú-chhiⁿ/tiōng-tsú-tshinn/中子星/neutron star