NuSTAR X-光太空望遠鏡翕 ê X-光波段 ê 太陽

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：The Sun in X-rays from NuSTAR
• 影像來源：NASA, NuSTAR, SDO
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] NuSTAR X-光太空望遠鏡翕 ê X-光波段 ê 太陽

是按怎太陽烏子面頂會遮爾燒熱？ 太陽烏子 應該愛比太陽表面較冷淡薄仔，因為產生 in ê 磁場會減少 對流 產生 ê 熱。 所以這區 ê 溫度若是幾若百倍懸，比 太陽日冕 ê 溫度閣較懸，按呢 to̍h 有較奇怪。 為著欲揣著這个答案，NASA kā 一台足敏感 ê X-光望遠鏡指向太陽。 這台 to̍h 是 踅地衛星 核子光譜望遠鏡陣列 (NuSTAR)。 這張相片 ê 紅色 是 紫外光 ê 太陽影像，是用 踅地衛星 太陽動力天文台 (SDO) 翕 ê。 面頂疊 ê 青色 kah 藍色 是 NuSTAR tī X-光 高能波段 量著 ê 太陽烏子 面頂 ê 發射線，是 溫度足懸 ê 所在。 太陽大氣 ê 加溫 機制 會當 ùi NuSTAR ê 影像來揣著答案。 太陽 ê 奈米閃焰 kah 微閃焰 ê 短期 能量爆發，可能是驅動這个無四常 ê 加溫機制 ê 原因。

[POJ] NuSTAR X-kng Thài-khong-bōng-oán-kiàⁿ hip ê X-kng pho-tōaⁿ ê Thài-iông

Sī án-ná thài-iông o͘-chú bīn-téng ē chiah-nī sio-joa̍h? Thài-iông o͘-chú eng-kai ài pí Thài-iông piáu-bīn khah léng tām-po̍h-á, in-ūi sán-seng in ê chû-tiûⁿ ē kiám-chió tùi-liû sán-seng ê jia̍t. Só͘-í chit-khu ê un-tō͘ nā-sī kúi-ā-pah-pōe koân, pí Thài-iông ji̍t-bián ê un-tō͘ koh-khah koân, án-ne to̍h ū khah kî-koài. Ūi-tio̍h beh chhōe-tio̍h chit-ê tap-àn, NASA kā chi̍t-tâi chiok bín-kám ê X-kng bōng-oán-kiàⁿ chí-hiòng Thài-iông. Chit-tâi to̍h sī se̍h-tē-ūi-chhiⁿ He̍k-chú-kng-phó͘ bōng-oán-kiàⁿ tīn-lia̍t (NuSTAR). Chit-tiuⁿ siòng-phìⁿ ê âng-sek sī chí-gōa-kng ê Thài-iông iáⁿ-siōng, sī iōng se̍h-tē-ūi-chhiⁿ Thài-iông tōng-le̍k thian-bûn-tâi (SDO) hip ê. Bīn-téng tha̍h ê chhiⁿ-sek kah nâ-sek sī NuSTAR tī X-kng ko-lêng pho-tōaⁿ niû-tio̍h ê Thài-iông o͘-chú bīn-téng ê hoat-siā-sòaⁿ, sī un-tō͘ chiok-koân ê só͘-chāi. Thài-iông tōa-khì ê ka-ūn ki-chè ē-tàng ùi NuSTAR ê iáⁿ-siōng lâi chhōe tap-àn. Thài-iông ê nāi-bí-siám-iām kah bî-siám-iām ê té-kî lêng-liōng po̍k-hoat, khó-lêng sī khu-tōng chit-ê bô sù-siông ê ka-ūn ki-chè ê goân-in.

[KIP] NuSTAR X-kng Thài-khong-bōng-uán-kiànn hip ê X-kng pho-tuānn ê Thài-iông

Sī án-ná thài-iông oo-tsú bīn-tíng ē tsiah-nī sio-jua̍h? Thài-iông oo-tsú ing-kai ài pí Thài-iông piáu-bīn khah líng tām-po̍h-á, in-uī sán-sing in ê tsû-tiûnn ē kiám-tsió tuì-liû sán-sing ê jia̍t. Sóo-í tsit-khu ê un-tōo nā-sī kuí-ā-pah-puē kuân, pí Thài-iông ji̍t-bián ê un-tōo koh-khah kuân, án-ne to̍h ū khah kî-kuài. Uī-tio̍h beh tshuē-tio̍h tsit-ê tap-àn, NASA kā tsi̍t-tâi tsiok bín-kám ê X-kng bōng-uán-kiànn tsí-hiòng Thài-iông. Tsit-tâi to̍h sī se̍h-tē-uī-tshinn Hi̍k-tsú-kng-phóo bōng-uán-kiànn tīn-lia̍t (NuSTAR). Tsit-tiunn siòng-phìnn ê âng-sik sī tsí-guā-kng ê Thài-iông iánn-siōng, sī iōng se̍h-tē-uī-tshinn Thài-iông tōng-li̍k thian-bûn-tâi (SDO) hip ê. Bīn-tíng tha̍h ê tshinn-sik kah nâ-sik sī NuSTAR tī X-kng ko-lîng pho-tuānn niû-tio̍h ê Thài-iông oo-tsú bīn-tíng ê huat-siā-suànn, sī un-tōo tsiok-kuân ê sóo-tsāi. Thài-iông tuā-khì ê ka-ūn ki-tsè ē-tàng uì NuSTAR ê iánn-siōng lâi tshuē tap-àn. Thài-iông ê nāi-bí-siám-iām kah bî-siám-iām ê té-kî lîng-liōng po̍k-huat, khó-lîng sī khu-tōng tsit-ê bô sù-siông ê ka-ūn ki-tsè ê guân-in.

[English] The Sun in X-rays from NuSTAR

Why are the regions above sunspots so hot? Sunspots themselves are a bit cooler than the surrounding solar surface because the magnetic fields that create them reduce convective heating. It is therefore unusual that regions overhead -- even much higher up in the Sun's corona -- can be hundreds of times hotter. To help find the cause, NASA directed the Earth-orbiting Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) satellite to point its very sensitive X-ray telescope at the Sun. Featured here is the Sun in ultraviolet light, shown in a red hue as taken by the orbiting Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Superimposed in false-colored green and blue is emission above sunspots detected by NuSTAR in different bands of high-energy X-rays, highlighting regions of extremely high temperature. Clues about the Sun's atmospheric heating mechanisms come from NuSTAR images like this and shed light on solar nanoflares and microflares as brief bursts of energy that may drive the unusual heating.

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