模擬宇宙 ê 暗物質

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：Dark Matter in a Simulated Universe
• 影像來源 kah 版權：Tom Abel & Ralf Kaehler (KIPAC, SLAC), AMNH
• 毋若是萬聖節：今仔日嘛是暗物質之日。
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] 模擬宇宙 ê 暗物質

咱 ê 宇宙是毋是有足濟好兄弟？ 這張 暗物質 圖 看起來可能是按呢。 這个看袂著 ê 暗物質 產生 ê 重力，to̍h 是目前用來解說這寡現象 ê 主要理路： 星系是按怎會轉踅遐爾緊？ 星系是按怎會踅星系團遐爾緊？ 重力透鏡是按怎會 kā 光線拗彎甲遐爾厲害？ 可見物質 是按怎會 tī 現此時 ê 宇宙 kah 宇宙 微波背景 攏揣有？ 美國自然史博物館 內底 ê Hayden 天象館 ê 太空-Sió「烏暗宇宙」內底，嘛用這張影像來強調，四界攏是 ê 暗物質是按怎創治咱 ê 宇宙。 這張 詳細 ê 電腦模擬圖 烏色 ê 部份，是暗物質 ê 複雜雲絲。 伊 tī 宇宙內底 四界攏是，to̍h 親像是 蜘蛛網 仝款。 毋閣柑仔色、一簇一簇、較散 ê 部份，是咱較熟似 ê 重子 物質。 這寡模擬 ê 統計結果 kah 天文觀測 ê 結果有合。 雖罔講 暗物質 實在是足奇怪 ê，而且咱到今 猶毋知 伊 ê 形體 到底是生做啥款？ 毋閣上驚人 ê 是，伊已經毋是這个 宇宙內底上奇怪 ê 重力 來源矣。 這馬逐家煞 kā 目標囥 tī 暗能量，這是一个閣較齊齊 ê 反重力 來源，應該是規个宇宙脹大 ê 主要原因。

[POJ] Bô͘-gí Ú-tiū ê Àm-bu̍t-chit

Lán ê ú-tiū sī-m̄-sī ū chiok-chōe hó-hiaⁿ-tī? Chit-tiuⁿ àm-bu̍t-chit-tô͘ khòaⁿ--khí-lâi khó-lêng sī án-ne. Chit-ê khòaⁿ-bōe-tio̍h ê àm-bu̍t-chit sán-seng ê tiōng-le̍k, to̍h sī bo̍k-chêng iōng-lâi kái-soeh chit-kóa hiān-siōng ê chú-iàu lí-lō͘: Seng-hē sī án-ná ē tńg-se̍h hiah-nī kín? Seng-hē sī án-ná ē se̍h seng-hē-thoân hiah-nī kín? Tiōng-le̍k-thàu-kiàⁿ sī án-ná ē kā kng-sòaⁿ áu-oan kah hiah-nī lī-hāi? Khó-kiàn-bu̍t-chit sī án-ná ē tī hiān-chú-sî ê ú-tiū kah ú-tiū bî-pho-pōe-kéng lóng chhōe-ū? Bí-kok chū-jiân-sú phok-bu̍t-koán lāi-té ê Hayden Thian-siòng-koán ê Thài-khong-Sió "O͘-àm Ú-tiū" lāi-té, mā iōng chit-tiuⁿ iáⁿ-siōng lâi kiông-tiāu, sì-kòe lóng-sī ê àm-bu̍t-chit sī án-ná chhòng-tī lán ê ú-tiū. Chit-tiuⁿ siông-sè ê tiān-náu bô͘-gí-tô͘ o͘-sek ê pō͘-hūn, sī àm-bu̍t-chit ê ho̍k-cha̍p hûn-si. I tī ú-tiū lāi-té sì-kòe lóng-sī, to̍h chhin-chhiūⁿ sī ti-tu-bāng kāng-khoán. M̄-koh kam-á-sek, chi̍t-chhok-chi̍t-chhok, khah sòaⁿ ê pō͘-hūn, sī lán khah se̍k-sāi ê tiōng-chú bu̍t-chit. Chit-kóa bô͘-gí ê thóng-kè kiat-kó kah thian-bûn koan-chhek ê kiat-kó ū hah. Sui-bóng kóng àm-bu̍t-chit si̍t-chāi sī chiok kî-koài ê, jī-cha̍p lán kàu-taⁿ iáu-m̄-chai i ê hêng-thé tàu-tóe sī seⁿ chò siáⁿ-khoán? M̄-koh siōng kiaⁿ--lâng ê sī, i í-keng m̄-sī chit-ê ú-tiū lāi-té siōng kî-koài ê tiōng-le̍k lâi-goân ah. Chit-má ta̍k-ke soah kā bo̍k-piau khǹg tī àm-lêng-liōng, che sī chi̍t-ê koh-khah chiâu-chê ê hoán-tiōng-le̍k lâi-goân, eng-kai sī kui-ê ú-tiū-tiùⁿ-tōa ê chú-iàu goân-in.

[KIP] Bôo-gí Ú-tiū ê Àm-bu̍t-tsit

Lán ê ú-tiū sī-m̄-sī ū tsiok-tsuē hó-hiann-tī? Tsit-tiunn àm-bu̍t-tsit-tôo khuànn--khí-lâi khó-lîng sī án-ne. Tsit-ê khuànn-buē-tio̍h ê àm-bu̍t-tsit sán-sing ê tiōng-li̍k, to̍h sī bo̍k-tsîng iōng-lâi kái-sueh tsit-kuá hiān-siōng ê tsú-iàu lí-lōo: Sing-hē sī án-ná ē tńg-se̍h hiah-nī kín? Sing-hē sī án-ná ē se̍h sing-hē-thuân hiah-nī kín? Tiōng-li̍k-thàu-kiànn sī án-ná ē kā kng-suànn áu-uan kah hiah-nī lī-hāi? Khó-kiàn-bu̍t-tsit sī án-ná ē tī hiān-tsú-sî ê ú-tiū kah ú-tiū bî-pho-puē-kíng lóng tshuē-ū? Bí-kok tsū-jiân-sú phok-bu̍t-kuán lāi-té ê Hayden Thian-siòng-kuán ê Thài-khong-Sió "Oo-àm Ú-tiū" lāi-té, mā iōng tsit-tiunn iánn-siōng lâi kiông-tiāu, sì-kuè lóng-sī ê àm-bu̍t-tsit sī án-ná tshòng-tī lán ê ú-tiū. Tsit-tiunn siông-sè ê tiān-náu bôo-gí-tôo oo-sik ê pōo-hūn, sī àm-bu̍t-tsit ê ho̍k-tsa̍p hûn-si. I tī ú-tiū lāi-té sì-kuè lóng-sī, to̍h tshin-tshiūnn sī ti-tu-bāng kāng-khuán. M̄-koh kam-á-sik, tsi̍t-tshok-tsi̍t-tshok, khah suànn ê pōo-hūn, sī lán khah si̍k-sāi ê tiōng-tsú bu̍t-tsit. Tsit-kuá bôo-gí ê thóng-kè kiat-kó kah thian-bûn kuan-tshik ê kiat-kó ū hah. Sui-bóng kóng àm-bu̍t-tsit si̍t-tsāi sī tsiok kî-kuài ê, jī-tsa̍p lán kàu-tann iáu-m̄-tsai i ê hîng-thé tàu-tué sī senn tsò siánn-khuán? M̄-koh siōng kiann--lâng ê sī, i í-king m̄-sī tsit-ê ú-tiū lāi-té siōng kî-kuài ê tiōng-li̍k lâi-guân ah. Tsit-má ta̍k-ke suah kā bo̍k-piau khǹg tī àm-lîng-liōng, tse sī tsi̍t-ê koh-khah tsiâu-tsê ê huán-tiōng-li̍k lâi-guân, ing-kai sī kui-ê ú-tiū-tiùnn-tuā ê tsú-iàu guân-in.

[English] Dark Matter in a Simulated Universe

Is our universe haunted? It might look that way on this dark matter map. The gravity of unseen dark matter is the leading explanation for why galaxies rotate so fast, why galaxies orbit clusters so fast, why gravitational lenses so strongly deflect light, and why visible matter is distributed as it is both in the local universe and on the cosmic microwave background. The featured image from the American Museum of Natural History's Hayden Planetarium Space Show Dark Universe highlights one example of how pervasive dark matter might haunt our universe. In this frame from a detailed computer simulation, complex filaments of dark matter, shown in black, are strewn about the universe like spider webs, while the relatively rare clumps of familiar baryonic matter are colored orange. These simulations are good statistical matches to astronomical observations. In what is perhaps a scarier turn of events, dark matter -- although quite strange and in an unknown form -- is no longer thought to be the strangest source of gravity in the universe. That honor now falls to dark energy, a more uniform source of repulsive gravity that seems to now dominate the expansion of the entire universe.

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