愛因斯坦十字 ê 重力透鏡

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：The Einstein Cross Gravitational Lens
• 影像來源 kah 許可：J. Rhoads (Arizona State U.) et al., WIYN, AURA, NOIRLab, NSF
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] 愛因斯坦十字 ê 重力透鏡

大部份 ê 星系有一粒核心。毋閣這个看起來有四粒？ 這个奇怪 ê 現象予 天文學家 認定講，這个 星系 ê 四粒核心根本 to̍h 是假 ê。 中央 ê 四葉仔 其實是 ùi 後壁 ê 類星體 發出 ê 光。 前景星系 ê 重力 場 kā 後壁較遠 ê 類星體 發出 ê 光 拗彎去，才會一个影變四个影。 類星體 一定是 排 tī 大質量星系中心 ê 後壁，才會 產生這个幻境。 這款現象 to̍h 叫做 重力透鏡。 毋閣這个較特別 ê，to̍h 叫做 愛因斯坦十字。 是講嘛真奇怪！ 愛因斯坦十字 ê 影像，無仝部位 ê 相對光度有小可仔無仝。 有當時仔嘛會因為 前景星系內底 一寡恆星 ê 微重力透鏡 效應 ê 影響，煞予一寡部位變較光。

[POJ] Ài-in-su-thán-si̍p-jī ê Tiōng-le̍k-thàu-kiàⁿ

Tōa-pō͘-hūn ê seng-hē ū chi̍t-lia̍p he̍k-sim. M̄-koh chit-ê khòaⁿ–khí-lâi ū sì-lia̍p? Chit-ê kî-koài ê hiān-siōng hō͘ thian-bûn-ha̍k-ka jīn-tēng kóng, chit-ê seng-hē ê sì-lia̍p he̍k-sim kin-pún to̍h sī ké ê. Tiong-ng ê sì-hio̍h-á kî-si̍t sī ùi āu-piah ê lūi-seng-thé hoat–chhut ê kng. Chiân-kéng seng-hē ê tiōng-le̍k-tiûⁿ kā āu-piah khah-hn̄g ê lūi-seng-thé hoat–chhut ê kng áu-oan-khì, chiah-ē chi̍t-ê iáⁿ piàn sì-ê iáⁿ. Lūi-seng-thé it-tēng sī pâi tī tōa-chit-liōng seng-hē tiong-sim ê āu-piah, chiah-ē sán-seng chit-ê hoàn-kéng. Chit-khoán hiān-siōng to̍h kiò-chò tiōng-le̍k-thàu-kiàⁿ. M̄-koh chit-ê khah te̍k-pia̍t ê, to̍h kiò-chò Ài-in-su-thán-si̍p-jī. Sī-kóng mā chin kî-koài! Ài-in-su-thán-si̍p-jī ê iáⁿ-siōng, bô-kâng pō͘-ūi ê siong-tùi kng-tō͘ ū sió-khóa-á bô-kâng. Ū-tang-sî-á mā ē in-ūi chiân-kéng seng-hē lāi-té chi̍t-kóa hêng-chhiⁿ ê bî-tiōng-le̍k-thàu-kiàⁿ hāu-èng ê éng-hióng, soah hō͘ chi̍t-kóa pō͘-ūi piàn khah-kng.

[KIP] Ài-in-su-thán-si̍p-jī ê Tiōng-li̍k-thàu-kiànn

Tuā-pōo-hūn ê sing-hē ū tsi̍t-lia̍p hi̍k-sim. M̄-koh tsit-ê khuànn–khí-lâi ū sì-lia̍p? Tsit-ê kî-kuài ê hiān-siōng hōo thian-bûn-ha̍k-ka jīn-tīng kóng, tsit-ê sing-hē ê sì-lia̍p hi̍k-sim kin-pún to̍h sī ké ê. Tiong-ng ê sì-hio̍h-á kî-si̍t sī uì āu-piah ê luī-sing-thé huat–tshut ê kng. Tsiân-kíng sing-hē ê tiōng-li̍k-tiûnn kā āu-piah khah-hn̄g ê luī-sing-thé huat–tshut ê kng áu-uan-khì, tsiah-ē tsi̍t-ê iánn piàn sì-ê iánn. Luī-sing-thé it-tīng sī pâi tī tuā-tsit-liōng sing-hē tiong-sim ê āu-piah, tsiah-ē sán-sing tsit-ê huàn-kíng. Tsit-khuán hiān-siōng to̍h kiò-tsò tiōng-li̍k-thàu-kiànn. M̄-koh tsit-ê khah ti̍k-pia̍t ê, to̍h kiò-tsò Ài-in-su-thán-si̍p-jī. Sī-kóng mā tsin kî-kuài! Ài-in-su-thán-si̍p-jī ê iánn-siōng, bô-kâng pōo-uī ê siong-tuì kng-tōo ū sió-khuá-á bô-kâng. Ū-tang-sî-á mā ē in-uī tsiân-kíng sing-hē lāi-té tsi̍t-kuá hîng-tshinn ê bî-tiōng-li̍k-thàu-kiànn hāu-ìng ê íng-hióng, suah hōo tsi̍t-kuá pōo-uī piàn khah-kng.

[English] The Einstein Cross Gravitational Lens

Most galaxies have a single nucleus – does this galaxy have four? The strange answer leads astronomers to conclude that the nucleus of the surrounding galaxy is not even visible in this image. The central cloverleaf is rather light emitted from a background quasar. The gravitational field of the visible foreground galaxy breaks light from this distant quasar into four distinct images. The quasar must be properly aligned behind the center of a massive galaxy for a mirage like this to be evident. The general effect is known as gravitational lensing, and this specific case is known as the Einstein Cross. Stranger still, the images of the Einstein Cross vary in relative brightness, enhanced occasionally by the additional gravitational microlensing effect of specific stars in the foreground galaxy.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【愛因斯坦十字】Ài-in-su-thán-si̍p-jī/Ài-in-su-thán-si̍p-jī/愛因斯坦十字/The Einstein Cross
• 【重力透鏡】tiōng-le̍k-thàu-kiàⁿ/tiōng-li̍k-thàu-kiànn/重力透鏡/Gravitational Lens
• 【四葉仔】sì-hio̍h-á/sì-hio̍h-á/四葉草/cloverleaf
• 【類星體】lūi-seng-thé/luī-sing-thé/類星體/quasar
• 【幻境】hoàn-kéng/huàn-kíng/幻境/mirage
• 【相對光度】siong-tùi-kng-tō͘/siong-tuì-kng-tōo/相對光度/relative brightness
• 【微重力透鏡效應】bî-tiōng-le̍k-thàu-kiàⁿ hāu-èng/bî-tiōng-li̍k-thàu-kiànn hāu-ìng/微重力透鏡效應/gravitational microlensing effect
• 【重力場】tiōng-le̍k-tiûⁿ/tiōng-li̍k-tiûnn/重力場/gravitational field