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• 原始文章：Gigantic Jet Lightning from Puerto Rico
• 影片來源 kah 版權：Frankie Lucena
• 超空間：APOD 亂數產生器
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] 波多黎各 ê 巨型爍爁噴流

你敢捌看過巨型爍爁噴流？ 伊實在是真罕得看著，毋閣伊 ê 能量足強 ê。 巨型爍爁噴流 是一款爍爁 ê 放電現象，是這世紀才予人發現記錄著 ê。 伊會出現 tī 雷暴 kah 閣較懸 ê 地球 電離層 之間。 相片內底 是噴流中央節到面頂節 ê 部份，是頂禮拜用 翕爍爁 kah 流星 ê kha-mé-lah tī 美屬 波多 黎各 翕 ê。 這个噴流 tī 無夠 1 秒鐘 ê 時間內底噴 70 公里遐爾遠。 巨型爍爁噴流 kah 平常時咱知影 ê 雲到雲 抑是 雲到地 ê 爍爁 無仝。 巨型爍爁噴流 ê 下跤節看起來 kah 藍色噴流 有成，彼是另外一款 雲到天 ê 衝擊形式。 噴流 ê 面頂節看起來 kah 頂層大氣 ê 紅色精靈 有成。 巨型爍爁噴流 ê 機制 kah 引發 方式是一个 研究主題。 毋閣咱這馬已經知影講，噴流會當減少 地球大氣 tī 無仝部份之間 電荷失平-pāng ê 現象。 一个欲揣 巨型爍爁噴流 較好 ê 方法，是去一个會當看較清楚 ê 所在 觀測 遠方高能 ê 雷暴。

[POJ] Pho-to-lê-koh ê Kū-hîng Sih-nah Phùn-liû

Lí kám-bat khòaⁿ-kòe kū-hêng sih-nah phùn-liû? I si̍t-chāi sī chin hán-tit khòaⁿ-tio̍h, m̄-koh i ê lêng-liōng chiok-kiông ê. Kū-hêng sih-nah phùn-liû sī chi̍t-khoán sih-nah ê hòng-tiān hiān-siōng, sī chit-sè-kí chiah hō͘ lâng hoat-hiān kì-lo̍k tio̍h ê. I ē chhut-hiān tī lûi-pō kah koh-khah koân ê Tē-kiû tiān-lî-chân chi-kan. Siòng-phìⁿ lāi-té sī phùn-liû tiong-ng-chat kàu bīn-téng-chat ê pō͘-hūn, sī téng-lé-pài iōng hip sih-nah kah liû-chhiⁿ ê kha-mé-lah tī Bí-sio̍k Pho-to-lê-koh hip ê. Chit-ê phùn-liû tī bô kàu chi̍t-bió-cheng ê sî-kan lāi-té phùn chhit-cha̍p kong-lí hiah-nī hn̄g. Kū-hêng sih-nah phùn-liû kah pêng-siông-sî lán chai-iáⁿ ê hûn-kàu-hûn iah-sī hûn-kàu-tē ê sih-nah bô-kâng. Kū-hêng sih-nah phùn-liû ê ē-kha-chat khòaⁿ–khí-lâi kah nâ-sek-phùn-liû ū-sêng, he sī lēng-gōa chi̍t-khoán hûn-kàu-thian ê chhiong-kek-hêng-sek. Phùn-liû ê bīn-téng-chat khòaⁿ–khí-lâi kah téng-chân tōa-khì ê âng-sek-cheng-lêng ū-sêng. Kū-hêng sih-nah phùn-liû ê ki-chè kah ín-hoat-hong-sek sī chi̍t-ê gián-kiù-chú-tê. M̄-koh lán chit-má í-keng chai-iáⁿ kóng, phùn-liû ē-tàng kiám-chió Tē-kiû tōa-khì tī bô-kâng pō͘-hūn chi-kan tiān-hô sit-pêⁿ-pāng ê hiān-siōng. Chi̍t-ê beh chhōe kū-hêng sih-nah phùn-liû khah-hó ê hong-hoat, sī khì chi̍t-ê ē-tàng khòaⁿ khah chheng-chhó͘ ê só͘-chāi koan-chhek oán-hong ko-lêng ê lûi-pō.

[KIP] Pho-to-lê-koh ê Kū-hîng Sih-nah Phùn-liû

Lí kám-bat khuànn-kuè kū-hîng sih-nah phùn-liû? I si̍t-tsāi sī tsin hán-tit khuànn-tio̍h, m̄-koh i ê lîng-liōng tsiok-kiông ê. Kū-hîng sih-nah phùn-liû sī tsi̍t-khuán sih-nah ê hòng-tiān hiān-siōng, sī tsit-sè-kí tsiah hōo lâng huat-hiān kì-lo̍k tio̍h ê. I ē tshut-hiān tī luî-pō kah koh-khah kuân ê Tē-kiû tiān-lî-tsân tsi-kan. Siòng-phìnn lāi-té sī phùn-liû tiong-ng-tsat kàu bīn-tíng-tsat ê pōo-hūn, sī tíng-lé-pài iōng hip sih-nah kah liû-tshinn ê kha-mé-lah tī Bí-sio̍k Pho-to-lê-koh hip ê. Tsit-ê phùn-liû tī bô kàu tsi̍t-bió-tsing ê sî-kan lāi-té phùn tshit-tsa̍p kong-lí hiah-nī hn̄g. Kū-hîng sih-nah phùn-liû kah pîng-siông-sî lán tsai-iánn ê hûn-kàu-hûn iah-sī hûn-kàu-tē ê sih-nah bô-kâng. Kū-hîng sih-nah phùn-liû ê ē-kha-tsat khuànn-khí-lâi kah nâ-sik-phùn-liû ū-sîng, he sī līng-guā tsi̍t-khuán hûn-kàu-thian ê tshiong-kik-hîng-sik. Phùn-liû ê bīn-tíng-tsat khuànn-khí-lâi kah tíng-tsân tuā-khì ê âng-sik-tsing-lîng ū-sîng. Kū-hîng sih-nah phùn-liû ê ki-tsè kah ín-huat-hong-sik sī tsi̍t-ê gián-kiù-tsú-tê. M̄-koh lán tsit-má í-king tsai-iánn kóng, phùn-liû ē-tàng kiám-tsió Tē-kiû tuā-khì tī bô-kâng pōo-hūn tsi-kan tiān-hô sit-pênn-pāng ê hiān-siōng. Tsi̍t-ê beh tshuē kū-hîng sih-nah phùn-liû khah-hó ê hong-huat, sī khì tsi̍t-ê ē-tàng khuànn khah tshing-tshóo ê sóo-tsāi kuan-tshik uán-hong ko-lîng ê luî-pō.

[English] Gigantic Jet Lightning from Puerto Rico

Have you ever seen a gigantic jet? They are extremely rare but tremendously powerful. Gigantic jets are a type of lightning discharge documented only this century that occur between some thunderstorms and the Earth’s ionosphere high above them. Pictured above is the middle and top of one such jet caught last week by a lightning and meteor camera from Puerto Rico, USA. The jet traversed perhaps 70 kilometers in just under one second. Gigantic jets are much different from regular cloud-to-cloud and cloud-to-ground lightning. The bottoms of gigantic jets appear similar in appearance to another type cloud-to-above strike called blue jets, while the tops appear similar to upper-atmosphere red sprites. Although the mechanism and trigger that causes gigantic jets is a topic of research, it is clear that the jets reduce charge imbalance between different parts of Earth’s atmosphere. A good way to look for gigantic jets is to watch a powerful but distant thunderstorm from a clear location.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【巨型爍爁噴流】kū-hêng sih-nah phùn-liû/kū-hîng sih-nah phùn-liû/巨型閃電噴流/gigantic jet lightning
• 【波多黎各】Pho-to-lê-koh/Pho-to-lê-koh/波多黎各/Puerto Rico
• 【雷暴】lûi-pō/luî-pō/雷暴/thunderstorm
• 【電荷】tiān-hô/tiān-hô/電荷/charge
• 【失平-pāng】si̍t-pêⁿ-pāng/si̍t-pênn-pāng/失衡/imbalance
• 【藍色噴流】nâ-sek-phùn-liû/nâ-sik-phùn-liû/藍色噴流/blue jet
• 【紅色精靈】âng-sek-cheng-lêng/âng-sik-tsing-lîng/紅色精靈/red sprite
• 【電離層】tiān-lî-chân/tiān-lî-tsân/電離層/ionosphere
• 【放電】hòng-tiān/hòng-tiān/放電/discharge
• 【機制】ki-chè/ki-tsè/機制/mechanism
• 【引發】ín-hoat/ín-huat/引發/trigger