STARFORGE：恆星形成 ê 電腦模擬

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：STARFORGE: A Star Formation Simulation
• 影片來源：Michael Y. Grudić (Northwestern U.) et al., STARFORGE Collaboration
• 背景音樂：Prelude, Op. 28, No. 4 in E Minor (Frédéric Chopin)
• 宇宙入口：APOD 亂數產生器
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] STARFORGE：恆星形成 ê 電腦模擬

恆星是按怎製造出來 ê？ 大部份是 tī 星系盤中心 ê 大型分子雲 內底形成 ê。 這个過程 ê 開始、影響、kah 限制，是 ùi 前一代恆星 ê 恆星風、噴流、高能恆星光、kah 超新星爆炸 決定 ê。 這支影片 展示這寡複雜交互作用 ê 現象。 這是用 STARFORGE 電腦模擬兩萬倍 太陽 質量 ê 氣體雲 ê 演化結果。 Tī 這支 縮時攝影 ê 視覺化影片 內底，較光 ê 所在表示較密 ê 氣體，色水代表氣體 ê 速度（茄仔色表示較慢，柑仔色表示較緊），光點代表新 製造 ê 恆星 ê 位置。 影片 拄開始 ê 氣體雲有 50 光年 闊，了後才開始因為重力聚集起來。 兩百萬年了後，頭一粒恆星形成。 毋閣新製造 ê 大質量恆星有噴出 予人印象足深 ê 噴流。 這个電腦模擬 tī 430 萬年 ê 時陣 凍 leh。 伊開始 踅無仝 ê 角度，予咱會當看著伊 ê 3D 結構。 恆星形成 到今猶有足濟咱毋知 ê 代誌，包括 噴流是毋是會影響紲落來製造 ê 恆星質量，嘛是咱想欲知影 ê 問題。

[POJ] STARFORGE: Hêng-chhiⁿ hêng-sêng ê tiān-náu bô͘-gí

Hêng-chhiⁿ sī án-ná chè-chō--chhut-lâi-ê? Tōa-pō͘-hūn sī tī seng-hē-pôaⁿ tiong-sim ê tōa-hêng hun-chú-hûn lāi-té hêng-sêng ê. Chit-ê kòe-têng ê khai-sí, éng-hióng, kah hān-chè, sī ùi chêng-chi̍t-tāi hêng-chhiⁿ ê hêng-chhiⁿ-hong, phùn-liû, ko-lêng hêng-chhiⁿ-kng, kah chhiau-sin-seng po̍k-chà koat-tēng ê. Chit-ki iáⁿ-phìⁿ tiān-sī chit-kóa ho̍k-cha̍p kau-hō͘-chok-iōng ê hiān-siōng. Che sī iōng STARFORGE tiān-náu bô͘-gí nn̄g-bān poe thài-iông-chit-liōng ê khì-thé-hûn ê ián-hòa kiat-kó. Tī chit-ki sok-sî-liap-iáⁿ ê sī-kak-hòa iáⁿ-phìⁿ lāi-té, khah kng ê só͘-chāi piáu-sī khah bat ê khì-thé, sek-chúi tāi-piáu khì-thé ê sok-tō͘ (kiô-á-sek piáu-sī khah bān, kam-á-sek piáu-sī khah kín), kng-tiám tāi-piáu sin chè-chō ê hêng-chhiⁿ ê ūi-tì. Iáⁿ-phìⁿ tú-khai-sí ê khì-thé-hûn ū gō͘-cha̍p kng-nî khoah, liáu-āu chiah khai-sí in-ūi tiōng-le̍k chū-chi̍p--khí-lâi. Nn̄g-pah-bān nî liáu-āu, thâu-chi̍t-lia̍p hêng-chhiⁿ hêng-sêng. M̄-koh sin chè-chō ê tōa-chit-liōng hêng-chhiⁿ ū phùn-chhut hō͘-lâng ìn-sióng chiok-chhim ê phùn-liû. Chit-ê tiān-náu bô͘-gí tī sì-pah-saⁿ-cha̍p-bān nî ê sî-chūn tòng--leh. I khai-sí se̍h bô-kâng ê kak-tō͘, hō͘ lán ē-tàng khòaⁿ-tio̍h i ê saⁿ-D kiat-kò͘. Hêng-chhiⁿ hêng-sêng kàu-taⁿ iáu-ū chiok-chōe lán m̄-chai ê tāi-chì, pau-koat phùn-liû sī-m̄-sī ē éng-hióng sòa-lo̍h-lâi chè-chō ê hêng-chhiⁿ chit-liōng, mā-sī lán siūⁿ-beh chai-iáⁿ ê būn-tê.

[KIP] STARFORGE: Hîng-tshinn hîng-sîng ê tiān-náu bôo-gí

Hîng-tshinn sī án-ná tsè-tsō--tshut-lâi-ê? Tuā-pōo-hūn sī tī sing-hē-puânn tiong-sim ê tuā-hîng hun-tsú-hûn lāi-té hîng-sîng ê. Tsit-ê kuè-tîng ê khai-sí, íng-hióng, kah hān-tsè, sī uì tsîng-tsi̍t-tāi hîng-tshinn ê hîng-tshinn-hong, phùn-liû, ko-lîng hîng-tshinn-kng, kah tshiau-sin-sing po̍k-tsà kuat-tīng ê. Tsit-ki iánn-phìnn tiān-sī tsit-kuá ho̍k-tsa̍p kau-hōo-tsok-iōng ê hiān-siōng. Tse sī iōng STARFORGE tiān-náu bôo-gí nn̄g-bān pue thài-iông-tsit-liōng ê khì-thé-hûn ê ián-huà kiat-kó. Tī tsit-ki sok-sî-liap-iánn ê sī-kak-huà iánn-phìnn lāi-té, khah kng ê sóo-tsāi piáu-sī khah bat ê khì-thé, sik-tsuí tāi-piáu khì-thé ê sok-tōo (kiô-á-sik piáu-sī khah bān, kam-á-sik piáu-sī khah kín), kng-tiám tāi-piáu sin tsè-tsō ê hîng-tshinn ê uī-tì. Iánn-phìnn tú-khai-sí ê khì-thé-hûn ū gōo-tsa̍p kng-nî khuah, liáu-āu tsiah khai-sí in-uī tiōng-li̍k tsū-tsi̍p--khí-lâi. Nn̄g-pah-bān nî liáu-āu, thâu-tsi̍t-lia̍p hîng-tshinn hîng-sîng. M̄-koh sin tsè-tsō ê tuā-tsit-liōng hîng-tshinn ū phùn-tshut hōo-lâng ìn-sióng tsiok-tshim ê phùn-liû. Tsit-ê tiān-náu bôo-gí tī sì-pah-sann-tsa̍p-bān nî ê sî-tsūn tòng--leh. I khai-sí se̍h bô-kâng ê kak-tōo, hōo lán ē-tàng khuànn-tio̍h i ê sann-D kiat-kòo. Hîng-tshinn hîng-sîng kàu-tann iáu-ū tsiok-tsuē lán m̄-tsai ê tāi-tsì, pau-kuat phùn-liû sī-m̄-sī ē íng-hióng suà-lo̍h-lâi tsè-tsō ê hîng-tshinn tsit-liōng, mā-sī lán siūnn-beh tsai-iánn ê būn-tê.

[English] STARFORGE: A Star Formation Simulation

How do stars form? Most form in giant molecular clouds located in the central disk of a galaxy. The process is started, influenced, and limited by the stellar winds, jets, high energy starlight, and supernova explosions of previously existing stars. The featured video shows these complex interactions as computed by the STARFORGE simulation of a gas cloud 20,000 times the mass of our Sun. In the time-lapse visualization, lighter regions indicate denser gas, color encodes the gas speed (purple is slow, orange is fast), while dots indicate the positions of newly formed stars. As the video begins, a gas cloud spanning about 50 light years begins to condense under its own gravity. Within 2 million years, the first stars form, while newly formed massive stars are seen to expel impressive jets. The simulation is frozen after 4.3 million years, and the volume then rotated to gain a three-dimensional perspective. Much remains unknown about star formation, including the effect of the jets in limiting the masses of subsequently formed stars.

詞彙學習