星系、噴流、kah 有名 ê 烏洞

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：The Galaxy, the Jet, and a Famous Black Hole
• 影像來源：NASA, JPL-Caltech, Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] 星系、噴流、kah 有名 ê 烏洞

明亮 ê 星系 Messier 87（M87） 是超大質量烏洞 in 兜。 伊 ê 影像 tī 地球這粒行星歷史上頭一擺去予翕著，to̍h 是 ùi 事件地平線望遠鏡 翕--ê。 室女座星系團這个巨人，離咱有 5500 光年遠，M87 是內底上大粒 ê 星系。 M87 tī 這幅 ùi Spitzer 太空望遠鏡翕 ê 紅外線影像內底發出藍色 ê 光。 To̍h 算是 M87 無啥物特殊，而且伊 to̍h 親像是雲仝款，Spitzer 影像確實有記錄著 ùi 星系中央區域噴出來 ê 相對論噴流。 這个現象 tī 這幅圖正爿頂懸 ê 插入圖看會著，噴流 to̍h 湠到幾若千光年遐爾長。 Tī 正爿 這个明亮 ê 噴流 當 leh 倚近咱 ê 視線方向。 另外一方面，噴另外一个方向 ê 噴流，雖然咱看袂著，毋閣伊產生 ê 衝擊波，kā 一个足暗 ê 弓形物質照予光。 Tī 正爿下跤 ê 插入圖，to̍h 是文章內底講著 ê 這个歷史性 ê 烏洞影像。 伊 to̍h tī 這个大星系 kah 相對論噴流 ê 中央。 這个 Spitzer 影像 ê 解析度無夠懸。 毋閣咱猶是看會著，去予落入來 ê 物質箍牢 ê 烏洞，是活潑星系 M87 足強能量 ê 源頭。 這个能量，會當予 M87 中心噴出相對論噴流。

[POJ] Seng-hē, phùn-liû, kah ū-miâ ê o͘-tōng

Bêng-liōng ê seng-hē Messier poeh-cha̍p-chhit (M-poeh-cha̍p-chhit) sī chhiau-tōa-chit-liōng-o͘-tōng in tau. I ê iáⁿ-siōng tī Tē-kiû chi̍t-lia̍p kiâⁿ-chhiⁿ le̍k-sú-siōng thâu-chi̍t-pái khì-hō͘ hip-tio̍h, to̍h sī ùi Sū-kiāⁿ Tē-pêng-sòaⁿ Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ hip--ê. Sek-lú-chō seng-hē-thoân chit-ê kū-jîn, lî lán ū gō͘-chheng-gō͘-pah kng-nî hn̄g, M-poeh-cha̍p-chhit sī lāi-té siōng-tōa-lia̍p ê seng-hē. M-poeh-cha̍p-chhit tī chit-pak-tô͘ ùi Spitzer thài-khong-bōng-oán-kiàⁿ hip--ê âng-gōa-sòaⁿ iáⁿ-siōng lāi-té hoat-chhut nâ-sek ê kng. To̍h sǹg sī M-poeh-cha̍p-chhit bô siáⁿ-mih te̍k-sû, jî-chhiáⁿ i to̍h chhin-chhiūⁿ sī hûn kāng-khoán, Spitzer iáⁿ-siōng khak-si̍t ū kì-lo̍k tio̍h ùi seng-hē tiong-ng khu-he̍k phùn--chhut-lâi ê siong-tùi-lūn phùn-liû. Chi̍t-ê hiān-siōng tī chit-pak-tô͘ chiàⁿ-pêng téng-koân ê chhah-ji̍p-tô͘ khòaⁿ-ē-tio̍h, phùn-liû to̍h thòaⁿ-kàu kúi-ā-chheng kng-nî hiah-nī tn̂g. Tī chiàⁿ-pêng chit-ê bêng-liōng ê phùn-liû tng leh óa-kīn lán ê sī-sòaⁿ hong-hiòng. Lēng-gōa chi̍t-hong-bīn, phùn lēng-gōa chi̍t-ê hong-hiòng ê phùn-liû, sui-jiân lán khòaⁿ-bōe-tio̍h, m̄-koh i sán-seng ê chhiong-kek-phō, kā chi̍t-ê chiok-àm ê kiong-hêng bu̍t-chit chiò hō͘ kng. Tī chiàⁿ-pêng ē-kha ê chhah-ji̍p-tô͘, to̍h sī bûn-chiuⁿ lāi-té kóng-tio̍h ê chit-ê le̍k-sú-sèng ê o͘-tōng iáⁿ-siōng. I to̍h tī chit-ê tōa-seng-hē kah siong-tùi-lūn phùn-liû ê tiong-ng. Chit-ê Spitzer iáⁿ-siōng ê kái-sek-tō͘ bô-kàu koân. M̄-koh lán iáu-sī khòaⁿ-ē-tio̍h, khì-hō͘ lak--ji̍p-lâi ê bu̍t-chit kho͘-tiâu ê o͘-tōng, sī oa̍h-phoat-seng-hē M-poeh-cha̍p-chhit chiok-kiông lêng-liōng ê goân-thâu. Chit-ê lêng-liōng, ē-tàng hō͘ M-poeh-cha̍p-chhit tiong-sim phùn-chhut siong-tùi-lūn phùn-liû.

[KIP] Sing-hē, phùn-liû, kah ū-miâ ê oo-tōng

Bîng-liōng ê sing-hē Messier pueh-tsa̍p-tshit (M-pueh-tsa̍p-tshit) sī tshiau-tuā-tsit-liōng-oo-tōng in tau. I ê iánn-siōng tī Tē-kiû tsi̍t-lia̍p kiânn-tshinn li̍k-sú-siōng thâu-tsi̍t-pái khì-hōo hip-tio̍h, to̍h sī uì Sū-kiānn Tē-pîng-suànn Bōng-uán-kiànn hip--ê. Sik-lú-tsō sing-hē-thuân tsit-ê kū-jîn, lî lán ū gōo-tshing-gōo-pah kng-nî hn̄g, M-pueh-tsa̍p-tshit sī lāi-té siōng-tuā-lia̍p ê sing-hē. M-pueh-tsa̍p-tshit tī tsit-pak-tôo uì Spitzer thài-khong-bōng-uán-kiànn hip--ê âng-guā-suànn iánn-siōng lāi-té huat-tshut nâ-sik ê kng. To̍h sǹg sī M-pueh-tsa̍p-tshit bô siánn-mih ti̍k-sû, jî-tshiánn i to̍h tshin-tshiūnn sī hûn kāng-khuán, Spitzer iánn-siōng khak-si̍t ū kì-lo̍k tio̍h uì sing-hē tiong-ng khu-hi̍k phùn--tshut-lâi ê siong-tuì-lūn phùn-liû. Tsi̍t-ê hiān-siōng tī tsit-pak-tôo tsiànn-pîng tíng-kuân ê tshah-ji̍p-tôo khuànn-ē-tio̍h, phùn-liû to̍h thuànn-kàu kuí-ā-tshing kng-nî hiah-nī tn̂g. Tī tsiànn-pîng tsit-ê bîng-liōng ê phùn-liû tng leh uá-kīn lán ê sī-suànn hong-hiòng. Līng-guā tsi̍t-hong-bīn, phùn līng-guā tsi̍t-ê hong-hiòng ê phùn-liû, sui-jiân lán khuànn-buē-tio̍h, m̄-koh i sán-sing ê tshiong-kik-phō, kā tsi̍t-ê tsiok-àm ê kiong-hîng bu̍t-tsit tsiò hōo kng. Tī tsiànn-pîng ē-kha ê tshah-ji̍p-tôo, to̍h sī bûn-tsiunn lāi-té kóng-tio̍h ê tsit-ê li̍k-sú-sìng ê oo-tōng iánn-siōng. I to̍h tī tsit-ê tuā-sing-hē kah siong-tuì-lūn phùn-liû ê tiong-ng. Tsit-ê Spitzer iánn-siōng ê kái-sik-tōo bô-kàu kuân. M̄-koh lán iáu-sī khuànn-ē-tio̍h, khì-hōo lak--ji̍p-lâi ê bu̍t-tsit khoo-tiâu ê oo-tōng, sī ua̍h-phuat-sing-hē M-pueh-tsa̍p-tshit tsiok-kiông lîng-liōng ê guân-thâu. Tsit-ê lîng-liōng, ē-tàng hōo M-pueh-tsa̍p-tshit tiong-sim phùn-tshut siong-tuì-lūn phùn-liû.

[English] The Galaxy, the Jet, and a Famous Black Hole

Bright elliptical galaxy Messier 87 (M87) is home to the supermassive black hole captured by planet Earth's Event Horizon Telescope in the first ever image of a black hole. Giant of the Virgo galaxy cluster about 55 million light-years away, M87 is the large galaxy rendered in blue hues in this infrared image from the Spitzer Space telescope. Though M87 appears mostly featureless and cloud-like, the Spitzer image does record details of relativistic jets blasting from the galaxy's central region. Shown in the inset at top right, the jets themselves span thousands of light-years. The brighter jet seen on the right is approaching and close to our line of sight. Opposite, the shock created by the otherwise unseen receding jet lights up a fainter arc of material. Inset at bottom right, the historic black hole image is shown in context, at the center of giant galaxy and relativistic jets. Completely unresolved in the Spitzer image, the supermassive black hole surrounded by infalling material is the source of enormous energy driving the relativistic jets from the center of active galaxy M87.

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