Miú-子搖擺是真 ê，毋過原因猶毋知

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：Confirmed Muon Wobble Remains Unexplained
• 影像來源 kah 版權：Fermilab National Laboratory; 攝影：Reidar Hahn
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] Miú-子搖擺是真 ê，毋過原因猶毋知

基本粒子 會搖擺偌久？ 這个看起來叫是是無啥重要 ê 問題，煞 tī 2001 年 ùi 美國 New York ê Brookhaven 國家實驗室 予你一个掣一趒 ê 答案。 In 講， tī 物理界真捷用 ê 粒子物理標準模型，是無完整 ê。 這个結果暗示，咱 ê 宇宙 應該是有閣較基本 ê 組成元件猶未去予人發現。 尤其是 miú-子，伊是一款 kah 重 電子 sio-siâng ê 粒子。 伊 tī 1999 年一个號做 g-減-2 ê 系列實驗量著相當大 ê 搖擺現象。 Brookhaven ê 實驗結果，予全世界其他團隊想欲確定這个結果是真 ê。 嘛予理論學家壓力，需要 in 來 研究這个現象。 上敏感 ê miú-子 搖擺實驗 tī Illinois ê Fermi 國家實驗室（Fermilab）進行，to̍h 是你看著 ê 這張相片。 In tī 頂禮拜 ê 報告 kā 咱講，Brookhaven ê 結果是真 ê。 而且 in 閣量著一寡奇怪 ê miú-子搖擺運動。 搖擺率 tùi 一个號做 虛擬粒子 海來講較敏感。 這个奇怪 ê 海四界攏是。 這个 意外 ê 搖擺率 表示講，這个海內底 ê 虛擬粒子，是一款 kah 標準模型無仝 ê 粒子。 另外，這嘛 可能表示，理論預測 ê 計算有缺陷。 預測通常會用 超級電腦，而且足複雜 ê。 未來 tī Fermilab g-減-2 實驗 ê 計算，會 縮小精差。 而且可能嘛會當 kā 咱量著 ê 宇宙 kah 咱理解 ê 宇宙 之間 ê 統計精差縮小。

[POJ] Miú-chú iô-pái sī chin–ê, m̄-koh goân-in iáu m̄-chai

Ki-pún-lia̍p-chú ē iô-pái gōa-kú? Chit-ê khòaⁿ–khí-lâi, chit-ê khoaⁿ–khí-lâi kiò-sī sī bô-siáⁿ tiōng-iàu ê būn-tê, soah tī jī-khòng-khòng-it nî ùi Bí-kok New York ê Brookhaven kok-ka si̍t-giām-sek hō͘ lí chit-ê chhoah-chi̍t-tiô ê tap-àn. In kóng, tī bu̍t-lí-kài chin chia̍p iōng ê lia̍p-chú-bu̍t-lí piau-chún-bô͘-hêng, sī bô-oân-chéng–ê. Chit-ê kiat-kó àm-sī, lán-ê ú-tiū èng-kai sī ū koh-khah ki-pún ê cho͘-sêng-goân-kiāⁿ iáu-bōe khì hō͘ lâng hoat-hiān. Iû-kî sī miú-chú, i sī chi̍t-khoán kah tiōng-tiān-chú sio-siâng ê lia̍p-chú. I tī it-kiú-kiú-kiú nî chi̍t-ê hō-chòe g-kiám-jī ê hē-lia̍t-si̍t-giām niû tio̍h siong-tong-tōa ê iô-pái hiān-siōng. Brookhaven ê si̍t-giām-kiat-kó, hō͘ choân-sè-kài kî-tha thoân-tūi siūⁿ-beh khak-tēng chit-ê kiat-kó sī chin–ê. Mā hō͘ lí-lūn-ha̍k-ka ap-le̍k, su-iàu in lâi gián-kiù chit-ê hiān-siōng. Siōng bín-kám ê miú-chú iô-pái si̍t-giām tī Illinois ê Fermi kok-ka-si̍t-giām-sek (Fermilab) chìn-hêng, to̍h sī lí khòaⁿ–tio̍h-ê chit-tiuⁿ siòng-phìⁿ. In tī téng-lé-pài ê pò-kò kā lán kóng, Brookhaven ê kiat-kó sī chin–ê. Jî-chhiáⁿ in koh niû–tio̍h chi̍kóa kî-koài–ê miú-chú iô-pái-ūn-tōng. Iô-pái-lu̍t tùi chit-ê hō-chòe hi-gí-lia̍p-chú-hái lâi kóng khah bín-kám. Chit-ê kî-koài–ê hái sì-kè lóng sī. Chit-ê ì-gōa ê iô-pái-lu̍t piáu-sī kóng, chit-ê hái lāi-té ê lia̍p-chú, sī chit-khoán kah piau-chún-bô͘-hêng bô-kâng ê lia̍p-chú. Lēng-gōa, chit-má khó-lêng piáu-sī, lí-lūn ī-chhek ê kè-sǹg ū khoat-hām. Ī-chhek thong-siông ē iōng chhiau-kip-tiān-náu, jî-chhiáⁿ chiok ho̍k-cha̍p–ê. Bī-lâi tī Fermilab g-kiám-jī si̍t-giām ê kè-sǹg, ē sok-sió cheng-chha. Jî-chhiáⁿ khó-lêng mā ē-tàng kā lán niû–tio̍h ê ú-tiū kah lán lí-kái ê ú-tiū chi-kan ê thóng-kè cheng-chha sok-sió.

[KIP] Miú-tsú iô-pái sī tsin–ê, m̄-koh guân-in iáu m̄-tsai

Ki-pún-lia̍p-tsú ē iô-pái guā-kú? Tsit-ê khuànn–khí-lâi, tsit-ê khuann–khí-lâi kiò-sī sī bô-siánn tiōng-iàu ê būn-tê, suah tī jī-khòng-khòng-it nî uì Bí-kok New York ê Brookhaven kok-ka si̍t-giām-sik hōo lí tsit-ê tshuah-tsi̍t-tiô ê tap-àn. In kóng, tī bu̍t-lí-kài tsin tsia̍p iōng ê lia̍p-tsú-bu̍t-lí piau-tsún-bôo-hîng, sī bô-uân-tsíng–ê. Tsit-ê kiat-kó àm-sī, lán-ê ú-tiū ìng-kai sī ū koh-khah ki-pún ê tsoo-sîng-guân-kiānn iáu-buē khì hōo lâng huat-hiān. Îu-kî sī miú-tsú, i sī tsi̍t-khuán kah tiōng-tiān-tsú sio-siâng ê lia̍p-tsú. I tī it-kiú-kiú-kíu nî tsi̍t-ê hō-tsuè g-kiám-jī ê hē-lia̍t-si̍t-giām niû tio̍h siong-tong-tuā ê iô-pái hiān-siōng. Brookhaven ê si̍t-giām-kiat-kó, hōo tsuân-sè-kài kî-tha thuân-tuī siūnn-beh khak-tīng tsit-ê kiat-kó sī tsin–ê. Mā hōo lí-lūn-ha̍k-ka ap-li̍k, su-iàu in lâi gián-kiù tsit-ê hiān-siōng. Siōng bín-kám ê miú-tsú iô-pái si̍t-giām tī Illinois ê Fermi kok-ka-si̍t-giām-sik (Fermilab) tsìn-hîng, to̍h sī lí khuànn–tio̍h-ê tsit-tiunn siòng-phìnn. In tī tíng-lé-pài ê pò-kò kā lán kóng, Brookhaven ê kiat-kó sī tsin–ê. Jî-tshiánn in koh niû–tio̍h tsik8ua2 kî-kuài–ê miú-tsú iô-pái-ūn-tōng. Iô-pái-lu̍t tuì tsit-ê hō-tsuè hi-gí-lia̍p-tsú-hái lâi kóng khah bín-kám. Tsit-ê kî-kuài–ê hái sì-kè lóng sī. Tsit-ê ì-guā ê iô-pái-lu̍t piáu-sī kóng, tsit-ê hái lāi-té ê lia̍p-tsú, sī tsit-khuán kah piau-tsún-bôo-hîng bô-kâng ê lia̍p-tsú. Līng-guā, tsit-má khó-lîng piáu-sī, lí-lūn ī-tshik ê kè-sǹg ū khuat-hām. Ī-tshik thong-siông ē iōng tshiau-kip-tiān-náu, jî-tshiánn tsiok ho̍k-tsa̍p–ê. Bī-lâi tī Fermilab g-kiám-jī si̍t-giām ê kè-sǹg, ē sok-sió tsing-tsha. Jî-tshiánn khó-lîng mā ē-tàng kā lán niû–tio̍h ê ú-tiū kah lán lí-kái ê ú-tiū tsi-kan ê thóng-kè tsing-tsha sok-sió.

[English] Confirmed Muon Wobble Remains Unexplained

How fast do elementary particles wobble? A surprising answer to this seemingly inconsequential question came out of Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York, USA in 2001, and indicated that the Standard Model of Particle Physics, adopted widely in physics, is incomplete. The result impllied that there are fundamental components of the universe yet to be discovered. Specifically, the muon, a particle with similarities to a heavy electron, has had its relatively large wobble under scrutiny since 1999 in a series of experiments known as g-2 (gee-minus-two). The Brookhaven result galvanized other experimental groups around the world to confirm it, and pressured theorists to better understand it. Reporting in last week, the most sensitive muon wobble experiment yet, conducted at Fermi National Laboratory (Fermilab) in Illinois and pictured here, agreed with the Brookhaven result and again measured a slightly anomalous muon wobble. The rate of wobble is sensitive to a strange sea of virtual particles that pop into and out of existence everywhere. The unexpected wobble rate may indicate that this sea includes virtual particles of a type beyond the Standard Model. Alternatively, it may indicate that flaws exist in theoretical prediction calculations – predictions that typically involve supercomputers and are extremely complicated. Future runs at Fermilab’s g-2 experiment will further increase precision and, possibly, the statistical difference between the universe we measure and the universe we understand.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【Miú-子】miú-chú/miú-tsú/緲子、渺子/muon
• 【基本粒子】ki-pún-lia̍p-chú/ki-pún-lia̍p-tsú/基本粒子/elementary particle
• 【重電子】tiōng-tiān-chú/tiōng-tiān-tsú/重電子/heavy electron
• 【虛擬粒子】hi-gí-lia̍p-chú/hi-gí-tiān-tsú/虛擬粒子/virtual particle