鑽入、迵過、超越土星環

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：In, Through, and Beyond Saturn’s Rings
• 影像來源：Cassini Imaging Team, ISS, JPL, ESA, NASA
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] 鑽入、迵過、超越土星環

有四粒衛星 tī 這張影像 內底，你敢有法度 kā in 攏總揣著？ 代先咱來看 tī 背景上遠彼粒 土衛六 Titan，伊是 土星 上大粒 ê 衛星，嘛是 太陽系 內底上大粒 ê 衛星之一。 Tī 這粒永遠厚雲 ê 世界，頂面 ê 烏-sûn，是 北極極冠。 紲落來咱來看 tī 前景上明顯 ê 土衛四 Dione，伊足光 ê。 伊面頂攏是石坑 kah 長長 ê 冰崖。 Tī 倒爿突出來尖尖 ê，是土星幾若个 展延 ê 環，包括彼个有深色 Encke 溝 ê A 環。 Tī 正爿較遠 ê 彼粒是 土衛十七 Pandora，伊干焦 80 公里闊爾爾。 伊會當 kā 土星 ê F 環 箍牢 ê。 第四粒衛星 tī 佗位？ 你若是 tī 土星環內底 ê Encke 溝 看較詳細 leh，你 to̍h 會揣著一个點，伊其實是 土衛十八 Pan。 雖然講這粒土星上細粒 ê 衛星干焦 35 公里闊爾爾，毋閣 土衛十八 Pan 有大到會當 kā Encke 溝 內底 ê 粒子掃甲清氣溜溜。 經過十外冬 ê 探索 kah 發現，Cassini 太空船 tī 2017 年 kā 伊 ê 燃料用欲煞矣。 伊 to̍h 行落去土星 ê 大氣層，上尾 to̍h tī 內底 熔去。

[POJ] Chǹg–ji̍p, thàng–kòe, chhiau-oa̍t Thó͘-chhiⁿ-khoân

Ū sì-lia̍p ūi-chhiⁿ tī chit-tiuⁿ iáⁿ-siōng lāi-té, lí kám ū-hoat-tō͘ kā in lóng chhōe-tio̍h? Tāi-seng lán lâi khòaⁿ tī pōe-kéng siōng hn̄g hit-lia̍p Thó͘-ūi-la̍k Titan, i sī Thó͘-chhiⁿ siōng tōa-lia̍p ê ūi-chhiⁿ, mā sī Thài-iông-hē lāi-té siōng tōa-lia̍p ê ūi-chhiⁿ chi-it. Tī chit-lia̍p éng-oán kāu-hûn ê sè-kài, téng-bīn ê o͘-sûn, sī pak-ke̍k ke̍k-koan. Sòa-lo̍h-lâi lán lâi khòaⁿ tī chiân-kéng siōng bêng-hián ê Thó͘-ūi-sì Dione, i chiok-kng ê. I bīn-téng lóng sī chio̍h-kheⁿ kah tn̂g-tn̂g-ê peng-gâi. Tī tò-pêng thu̍t–chhut-lâi chiam-chiam–ê, sī Thó͘-chhiⁿ kúi-ā-ê tián-iân ê khoân, pau-koat hit-ê ū chhim-sek Encke-kau ê A-khoân. Tī chiàⁿ-pêng khah-hn̄g ê hit-lia̍p sī Thó͘-ūi-cha̍p-chhit Pandora, i kan-na peh-cha̍p kong-lí khoah niā-niā. I ē-tàng kā Thó͘-chhiⁿ ê F-khoân kho͘-tiâu–ê. Tē-sì-lia̍p ūi-chhiⁿ tī tó-ūi? Lí nā-sī tī Thó͘-chhiⁿ-khoân lāi-té ê Encke-kau khòaⁿ khah siông-sè–leh, lí to̍h ē chhōe-tio̍h chi̍t-ê tiám, i kî-si̍t sī Thó͘-ūi-cha̍p-poeh Pan. Sui-jiân-kóng chit-lia̍p Thó͘-chhiⁿ siōng sè-lia̍p ê ūi-chhiⁿ kan-na saⁿ-cha̍p-gō͘ kong-lí khoah niā-niā, m̄-koh Thó͘-ūi-cha̍p-poeh Pan ū tōa kàu ē-tàng kā Encke-kau lāi-té ê lia̍p-chú sàu-kah chheng-khì-liu-liu. Keng-kòe cha̍p-gōa tang ê thàm-soh kah hoat-hiān, Cassini thài-khong-chûn tī jī-khòng-it-chhit nî kā i ê jiân-liāu ēng beh soah ah. I to̍h kiâⁿ–lo̍h-khì Thó͘-chhiⁿ tōa-khì-chân, siōng-bóe to̍h tī lāi-té iûⁿ–khì.

[KIP] Tsǹg–ji̍p, thàng–kuè, tshiau-ua̍t Thóo-tshinn-khuân

Ū sì-lia̍p uī-tshinn tī tsit-tiunn iánn-siōng lāi-té, lí kám ū-huat-tōo kā in lóng tshuē-tio̍h? Tāi-sing lán lâi khuànn tī puē-kíng siōng hn̄g hit-lia̍p Thóo-uī-la̍k Titan, i sī Thóo-tshinn siōng tuā-lia̍p ê uī-tshinn, mā sī Thài-iông-hē lāi-té siōng tuā-lia̍p ê uī-tshinn tsi-it. Tī tsit-lia̍p íng-uán kāu-hûn ê sè-kài, tíng-bīn ê oo-sûn, sī pak-ki̍k ki̍k-kuan. Suà-lo̍h-lâi lán lâi khuànn tī tsiân-kíng siōng bîng-hián ê Thóo-uī-sì Dione, i tsiok-kng ê. I bīn-tíng lóng sī tsio̍h-khenn kah tn̂g-tn̂g-ê ping-gâi. Tī tò-pîng thu̍t–tshut-lâi tsiam-tsiam–ê, sī Thóo-tshinn kuí-ā-ê tián-iân ê khuân, pau-kuat hit-ê ū tshim-sik Encke-kau ê A-khuân. Tī tsiànn-pîng khah-hn̄g ê hit-lia̍p sī Thóo-uī-tsa̍p-tshit Pandora, i kan-na peh-tsa̍p kong-lí khuah niā-niā. I ē-tàng kā Thóo-tshinn ê F-khuân khoo-tiâu–ê. Tē-sì-lia̍p uī-tshinn tī tó-uī? Lí nā-sī tī Thóo-tshinn-khuân lāi-té ê Encke-kau khuànn khah siông-sè–leh, lí to̍h ē tshuē-tio̍h tsi̍t-ê tiám, i kî-si̍t sī Thóo-uī-tsa̍p-pueh Pan. Sui-jiân-kóng tsit-lia̍p Thóo-tshinn siōng sè-lia̍p ê uī-tshinn kan-na sann-tsa̍p-gōo kong-lí khuah niā-niā, m̄-koh Thóo-uī-tsa̍p-pueh Pan ū tuā kàu ē-tàng kā Encke-kau lāi-té ê lia̍p-tsú sàu-kah tshing-khì-liu-liu. King-kuè tsa̍p-guā tang ê thàm-soh kah huat-hiān, Cassini thài-khong-tsûn tī jī-khòng-it-tshit nî kā i ê jiân-liāu īng beh suah ah. I to̍h kiânn–lo̍h-khì Thóo-tshinn tuā-khì-tsân, siōng-bué to̍h tī lāi-té iûnn–khì.

[English] In, Through, and Beyond Saturn’s Rings

Four moons are visible on the featured image – can you find them all? First – and farthest in the background – is Titan, the largest moon of Saturn and one of the larger moons in the Solar System. The dark feature across the top of this perpetually cloudy world is the north polar hood. The next most obvious moon is bright Dione, visible in the foreground, complete with craters and long ice cliffs. Jutting in from the left are several of Saturn’s expansive rings, including Saturn’s A ring featuring the dark Encke Gap. On the far right, just outside the rings, is Pandora, a moon only 80-kilometers across that helps shepherd Saturn’s F ring. The fourth moon? If you look closely inside Saturn’s rings, in the Encke Gap, you will find a speck that is actually Pan. Although one of Saturn’s smallest moons at 35-kilometers across, Pan is massive enough to help keep the Encke gap relatively free of ring particles. After more than a decade of exploration and discovery, the Cassini spacecraft ran low on fuel in 2017 and was directed to enter Saturn’s atmosphere, where it surely melted.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【土星環】Thó͘-chhiⁿ-khoân/Thóo-tshinn-khuân/土星環/Saturn’s Rings
• 【土衛】Thó͘-ūi/Thóo-uī/土衛/Saturn’s Moon
• 【北極極冠】pak-ke̍k ke̍k-koan/pak-ki̍k ki̍k-kuan/北極極冠/north polar hood
• 【冰崖】peng-gâi/ping-gâi/冰崖/ice cliff