M87 中央烏洞 ê 偏振光

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：M87’s Central Black Hole in Polarized Light
• 影像來源：Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration；文稿：Jayanne English (U. Manitoba)
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] M87 中央烏洞 ê 偏振光

咱來再生 Carl Sagan ê 名言：「你若是欲造一个烏洞噴流，to̍h 愛先生一个磁場。」 這个影像 是 tī 電波波段 偵測著 ê 內在自旋方向（偏振）。 這个偏振是 ùi 一个踅烏洞 ê 足強 ê 磁場 產生 ê。 這个烏洞 to̍h 是 長株圓星系 M87 中心 ê 超大質量烏洞。 電波波段 ê 資料 是 ùi 事件地平線望遠鏡 (EHT) 偵測著 ê。 伊是一組 kā 全世界 ê 電波望遠鏡資料敆做伙 ê 望遠鏡。 這个偏振結構，是用電腦 kā 算出來 ê 流線圖。 這馬 kā 疊 tī EHT tī 2019 年頭一擺發表 ê 彼个有名 ê 烏洞影像 面頂。 這規个 3D 磁場實在是 足複雜 ê。 初步 ê 分析結果表示，有一部份 ê 磁場 kah 一寡 吸積物質 同齊踅烏洞 leh 行，to̍h kah 當初時預測 ê 相-siâng。 毋閣，閣有另外一个組成部份，敢若 ùi 烏洞 ê 坦徛方向離開。 這个組成部份可能會當用來解說，物質是按怎袂落落來，顛倒噴出去變做 M87 ê 噴流。

[POJ] M87 tiong-ng o͘-tōng ê phian-chìn-kng

Lán lâi chài-seng Carl Sagan ê miâ-giân: “Lí nā-sī beh chò chi̍t-ê o͘-tōng phùn-liû, to̍h ài seng seⁿ chi̍t-ê chû-tiûⁿ.” Chi̍t-ê iáⁿ-siōng sī tī tiān-pho pho-tōaⁿ cheng-chhek tio̍h ê lōe-chāi chū-soân hong-hiòng (phian-chìn). Chi̍t-ê phian-chìn sī ùi chi̍t-ê se̍h o͘-tōng ê chiok-kiông ê chû-tiûⁿ sán-seng–ê. Chi̍t-ê o͘-tōng to̍h sī tn̂g-tu-îⁿ seng-hē M poeh-cha̍p-chhit tiong-sim ê chhiau-tōa-chit-liōng o͘-tōng. Tiān-pho-pho-tōaⁿ ê chu-liāu sī ùi Sū-kiāⁿ Tē-pêng-sòaⁿ Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ (EHT) cheng-chhek tio̍h ê. I sī chi̍t-cho͘ kā choân-sè-kài ê tiān-pho-bōng-oán-kiàⁿ chu-liāu kap chòe-hóe ê bōng-oán-kiàⁿ. Chi̍t-ê phian-chìn kiat-kò͘, sī iōng tiān-náu kā sǹg–chhut-lâi ê liû-sòaⁿ-tô͘. Chit-má kā tha̍h tī EHT tī jī-khòng-i̍t-kiú nî thâu-chi̍t-pái hoat-pió ê hit-ê ū-miâ ê o͘-tōng iáⁿ-siōng bīn-téng. Chit kui-ê saⁿ-D chû-tiûⁿ si̍t-chāi sī chiok ho̍k-cha̍p ê. Chho͘-pō͘ ê hun-sek kiat-kó piáu-sī, ū chi̍t-pō͘-hūn ê chû-tiûⁿ kah chi̍t-kóa khip-chek bu̍t-chit tâng-chê se̍h o͘-tōng leh kiâⁿ, to̍h kah tong-chhoe-sî ī-chhek ê sio-siāng. M̄-koh, koh-ū lēng-gōa chi̍t-ê cho͘-sêng pō͘-hūn, ká-ná ùi o͘-tōng hong-hiòng ê thán-khiā-hong-hiòng lī-khui. Chit-ê cho͘-sêng pō͘-hūn khó-lêng ē-tàng iōng-lâi kái-soeh, bu̍t-chit sī án-ná bōe lak-lo̍h-lâi, tian-tò phùn-chhut-khì piàn-chò M poeh-cha̍p-chhit ê phùn-liû.

[KIP] M87 tiong-ng oo-tōng ê phian-tsìn-kng

Lán lâi tsài-sing Carl Sagan ê miâ-giân: “Lí nā-sī beh tsò tsi̍t-ê oo-tōng phùn-liû, to̍h ài sing senn tsi̍t-ê tsû-tiûnn.” Tsi̍t-ê iánn-siōng sī tī tiān-pho pho-tuānn tsing-tshik tio̍h ê luē-tsāi tsū-suân hong-hiòng (phian-tsìn). Tsi̍t-ê phian-tsìn sī uì tsi̍t-ê se̍h oo-tōng ê tsiok-kiông ê tsû-tiûnn sán-sing–ê. Tsi̍t-ê oo-tōng to̍h sī tn̂g-tu-înn sing-hē M pueh-tsa̍p-tshit tiong-sim ê tshiau-tuā-tsit-liōng oo-tōng. Tiān-pho-pho-tuānn ê tsu-liāu sī uì Sū-kiānn Tē-pîng-suànn Bōng-uán-kiànn (EHT) tsing-tshik tio̍h ê. I sī tsi̍t-tsoo kā tsuân-sè-kài ê tiān-pho-bōng-uán-kiànn tsu-liāu kap tsuè-hué ê bōng-uán-kiànn. Tsi̍t-ê phian-tsìn kiat-kòo, sī iōng tiān-náu kā sǹg–tshut-lâi ê liû-suànn-tôo. Tsit-má kā tha̍h tī EHT tī jī-khòng-i̍t-kiú nî thâu-tsi̍t-pái huat-pió ê hit-ê ū-miâ ê oo-tōng iánn-siōng bīn-tíng. Tsit kui-ê sann-D tsû-tiûnn si̍t-tsāi sī tsiok ho̍k-tsa̍p ê. Tshoo-pōo ê hun-sik kiat-kó piáu-sī, ū tsi̍t-pōo-hūn ê tsû-tiûnn kah tsi̍t-kuá khip-tsik bu̍t-tsit tâng-tsê se̍h oo-tōng leh kiânn, to̍h kah tong-tshue-sî ī-tshik ê sio-siāng. M̄-koh, koh-ū līng-guā tsi̍t-ê tsoo-sîng pōo-hūn, ká-ná uì oo-tōng hong-hiòng ê thán-khiā-hong-hiòng lī-khui. Tsit-ê tsoo-sîng pōo-hūn khó-lîng ē-tàng iōng-lâi kái-sueh, bu̍t-tsit sī án-ná buē lak-lo̍h-lâi, tian-tò phùn-tshut-khì piàn-tsò M pueh-tsa̍p-tshit ê phùn-liû.

[English] M87’s Central Black Hole in Polarized Light

To play on Carl Sagan’s famous words “If you wish to make black hole jets, you must first create magnetic fields.” The featured image represents the detected intrinsic spin direction (polarization) of radio waves. The polarization is produced by the powerful magnetic field surrounding the supermassive black hole at the center of elliptical galaxy M87. The radio waves were detected by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), which combines data from radio telescopes distributed worldwide. The polarization structure, mapped using computer generated flow lines, is overlaid on EHT’s famous black hole image, first published in 2019. The full 3-D magnetic field is complex. Preliminary analyses indicate that parts of the field circle around the black hole along with the accreting matter, as expected. However, another component seemingly veers vertically away from the black hole. This component could explain how matter resists falling in and is instead launched into M87’s jet.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【偏振光】phian-chìn-kng/phian-tsìn-kng/偏振光/polarized light
• 【烏洞噴流】o͘-tōng phùn-liû/oo-tōng phùn-liû/黑洞噴流/black hole jet
• 【內在自旋】lōe-chāi-chū-soân/luē-tsāi-tsū-suân/內在自旋/intrinsic spin
• 【長株圓星系】tn̂g-tu-îⁿ seng-hē/tn̂g-tu-înn sing-hē/橢圓星系/elliptical galaxy
• 【超大質量烏洞】chhiau-tōa-chit-liōng o͘-tōng/tshiau-tuā-tsit-liōng oo-tōng/超大質量烏洞/supermassive blackhole
• 【電波波段】tiān-pho-pho-tōaⁿ/tiān-pho-pho-tuānn/電波波段/radio wave
• 【事件地平線望遠鏡】Sū-kiāⁿ Tē-pêng-sòaⁿ Bōng-oán-kiàⁿ/Sū-kiānn Tē-pîng-suànn Bōng-uán-kiànn/事件視界望遠鏡/Event Horizon Telescope (EHT)
• 【吸積物質】khip-chek bu̍t-chit/khip-tsik bu̍t-tsit/吸積物質/accreting matter
• 【坦徛方向】thán-khiā hong-hiòng/thán-khiā hong-hiòng/垂直方向/vertical direction