木星 ê 極光 kah 爍爁

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：Aurorae and Lightning on Jupiter
• 影像來源：NASA, JPL-Caltech, SwRI；文稿：Natalia Lewandowska
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)
• Tī 面冊 ê APOD: 閣有 English, Catalan kah Portuguese

[漢羅] 木星 ê 極光 kah 爍爁

是按怎木星 ê 兩極有遮濟爍爁？ 其實 伊 kah 地球 仝款，嘛有極光 kah 爍爁。 Kah 地球無仝 ê 是，木星 ê 爍爁 一般會 tī 兩極附近發生。 毋閣 地球大部份 ê 爍爁 是 tī 赤道發生–ê。 為著欲了解 in 有啥物 無仝，NASA 這馬有一台踅木星 leh 行 ê Juno 太空船，已經觀測著足濟極光 kah 爍爁 ê 現象 矣。 這張 影像 是 Juno ê 恆星參考元件 kha-mé-lah tī 2018 年 5 月 24 翕 ê。 看會著木星北部 雞卵形 ê 極光 kah 幾若个光點 kah 光-sûn。 正爿 ê 插圖是一个引人注目 ê 事件，是 木星 ê 爍爁 閃光。 這是離咱上近 ê 木星 極光 kah 爍爁 ê 影像之一。 Tī 地球（比木星離太陽閣較近），太陽 ê 光度有夠，會當家己予地球赤道產生比兩極閣較高溫 ê 大氣溫度，煞來驅動 亂流、風颱、kah 爍爁。 毋閣 tī 木星 to̍h 毋是按呢矣。 木星大氣 ê 溫度主要是 ùi 木星內部 來 ê（是木星形成賰 ê 能量）。 這馬 ê 假設是講，太陽光 對木星赤道 ê 大氣加溫閣較強，煞予高層 大氣 ê 溫度變化變較少。 所以 tī 赤道爍爁產生 ê 風颱才會變較少。

[POJ] Bo̍k-chhiⁿ ê ke̍k-kng kah sih-nah

Sī án-nóa Bo̍k-chhiⁿ ê nn̄g-ke̍k ū chiah-nī-chòe sih-nah? Kî-si̍t i kah Tē-kiû kāng-khoán, mā-ū ke̍k-kng kah sih-nah. Kah Tē-kiû bô-kâng ê sī, Bo̍k-chhiⁿ ê sih-nah it-poaⁿ ē tī nn̄g-ke̍k hū-kīn hoat-seng. M̄-koh Tē-kiû tōa-pō͘-hūn ê sih-nah sī tī chhek-tō hoat-seng–ê. Ūi-tio̍h beh liáu-kái in ū siáⁿ-mih bô-kâng, NASA chit-má ū chi̍t-tâi se̍h Bo̍k-chhiⁿ leh kiâⁿ ê Juno thài-kiông-chûn, í-keng koan-chhek-tio̍h chiok-chōe ke̍k-kng kah sih-nah ê hiān-siōng ah. Chit-tiuⁿ iáⁿ-siōng sī Juno ê hêng-chhiⁿ-chham-khó-goân-kiāⁿ kha-mé-lah tī jī-khòng-it-pat nî gō͘ goe̍h jī-cha̍p-sì hō hip–ê. Khòaⁿ-ē-tio̍h Bo̍k-chhiⁿ pak-pō͘ ke-nn̄g-hêng ê ke̍k-kng kah kúi-ā-ê kng-tiám kah kng-sûn. Chiàⁿ-pêng ê chhah-tô͘ sī chi̍t-ê ìn-lâng-chù-bo̍k ê sū-kiāⁿ, sī Bo̍k-chhiⁿ ê sih-nah siám-kng. Che sī lî lán siōng-kīn ê Bo̍k-chhiⁿ ke̍k-kng kah sih-nah ê iáⁿ-siōng chi-it. Tī Tē-kiû (pí Bo̍k-chhiⁿ lî Thài-iông koh-khah kīn), Thài-iông ê kng-tō͘ ū-kàu, ē-tàng ka-tī hō͘ Tē-kiû chhek-tō sán-seng pí nn̄g-ke̍k koh-khah ko-un ê tōa-khì un-tō͘, soah-lâi khu-tōng loān-liû, hong-thai, kah sih-nah. M̄-koh tī Bo̍k-chhiⁿ to̍h m̄-sī án-ne ah. Bo̍k-chhiⁿ tōa-khì ê un-tō͘ chú-iàu sī ùi Bo̍k-chhiⁿ lōe-pō͘ lâi-ê (sī Bo̍k-chhiⁿ hêng-sêng chhun–ê lêng-liōng). Chit-má ê ká-siat sī kóng, Thài-iông-kng tùi Bo̍k-chhiⁿ chhek-tō ê tōa-khì ka-ūn koh-khah kiông, soah hō͘ ko-chân tōa-khì ê un-tō͘ piàn-hòa piàn khah chiò. Só͘-í tī chhek-tō sih-nah sán-seng ê hong-thai chiah-ē piàn khah chiò.

[KIP] Bo̍k-tshinn ê ki̍k-kng kah sih-nah

Sī án-nuá Bo̍k-tshinn ê nn̄g-ki̍k ū tsiah-nī-tsuè sih-nah? Kî-si̍t i kah Tē-kiû kāng-khuán, mā-ū ki̍k-kng kah sih-nah. Kah Tē-kiû bô-kâng ê sī, Bo̍k-tshinn ê sih-nah it-puann ē tī nn̄g-ki̍k hū-kīn huat-sing. M̄-koh Tē-kiû tuā-pōo-hūn ê sih-nah sī tī tshik-tō huat-sing–ê. Uī-tio̍h beh liáu-kái in ū siánn-mih bô-kâng, NASA tsit-má ū tsi̍t-tâi se̍h Bo̍k-tshinn leh kiânn ê Juno thài-kiông-tsûn, í-king kuan-tshik-tio̍h tsiok-tsuē ki̍k-kng kah sih-nah ê hiān-siōng ah. Tsit-tiunn iánn-siōng sī Juno ê hîng-tshinn-tsham-khó-guân-kiānn kha-mé-lah tī jī-khòng-it-pat nî gōo gue̍h jī-tsa̍p-sì hō hip–ê. Khuànn-ē-tio̍h Bo̍k-tshinn pak-pōo ke-nn̄g-hîng ê ki̍k-kng kah kuí-ā-ê kng-tiám kah kng-sûn. Tsiànn-pîng ê tshah-tôo sī tsi̍t-ê ìn-lâng-tsù-bo̍k ê sū-kiānn, sī Bo̍k-tshinn ê sih-nah siám-kng. Tse sī lî lán siōng-kīn ê Bo̍k-tshinn ki̍k-kng kah sih-nah ê iánn-siōng tsi-it. Tī Tē-kiû (pí Bo̍k-tshinn lî Thài-iông koh-khah kīn), Thài-iông ê kng-tōo ū-kàu, ē-tàng ka-tī hōo Tē-kiû tshik-tō sán-sing pí nn̄g-ki̍k koh-khah ko-un ê tuā-khì un-tōo, suah-lâi khu-tōng luān-lîu, hong-thai, kah sih-nah. M̄-koh tī Bo̍k-tshinn to̍h m̄-sī án-ne ah. Bo̍k-tshinn tuā-khì ê un-tōo tsú-iàu sī uì Bo̍k-tshinn luē-pōo lâi-ê (sī Bo̍k-tshinn hîng-sîng tshun–ê lîng-liōng). Tsit-má ê ká-siat sī kóng, Thài-iông-kng tuì Bo̍k-tshinn tshik-tō ê tuā-khì ka-ūn koh-khah kiông, suah hōo ko-tsân tuā-khì ê un-tōo piàn-huà piàn khah tsiò. Sóo-í tī tshik-tō sih-nah sán-sing ê hong-thai tsiah-ē piàn khah tsiò.

English Aurorae and Lightning on Jupiter

Why does so much of Jupiter’s lightning occur near its poles? Similar to Earth, Jupiter experiences both aurorae and lightning. Different from Earth, though, Jupiter’s lightning usually occurs near its poles – while much of Earth’s lightning occurs near its equator. To help understand the difference, NASA’s Juno spacecraft, currently orbiting Jupiter, has observed numerous aurora and lightning events. The featured image, taken by Juno’s Stellar Reference Unit camera on 2018 May 24, shows Jupiter’s northern auroral oval and several bright dots and streaks. An eye-catching event is shown in the right inset image – which is a flash of Jupiter’s lightning – one of the closest images of aurora and lightning ever. On Earth (which is much nearer to the Sun than Jupiter), sunlight is bright enough to create, by itself, much stronger atmospheric heating at the equator than the poles, driving turbulence, storms, and lightning. On Jupiter, in contrast, atmospheric heating comes mostly from its interior (as a remnant from its formation), leading to the hypothesis that more intense equatorial sunlight reduces temperature differences between upper atmospheric levels, hence reducing equatorial lightning-creating storms.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【極光】ke̍k-kng/ki̍k-kng/極光/aurorae
• 【爍爁】sih-nah/sih-nah/閃電/lightning
• 【木星】Bo̍k-chhiⁿ/Bo̍k-tshinn/木星/Jupiter
• 【恆星參考元件 kha-mé-lah】hêng-chhiⁿ-chham-khó-goân-kiāⁿ kha-mé-lah/hîng-tshinn-tsham-khó-guân-kiānn kha-mé-lah/恆星參考元件相機/Stellar Reference Unit camera
• 【雞卵形】ke-nn̄g-hêng/ke-nn̄g-hîng/雞蛋形/oval
• 【赤道】chhek-tō/tshik-tō/赤道/equator
• 【亂流】loān-liû/luān-liû/亂流/turbulence