毅力號：七分鐘到火星

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：Perseverance: Seven Minutes to Mars
• 影片來源：NASA, JPL
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)
• 新消息：NASA 毅力號登錄火星新聞報導

[漢羅] 毅力號：七分鐘到火星

欲安全降落火星有偌困難？這件代誌困難到 登陸失敗 比成功閣較濟。後一擺企圖登陸是 tī 這禮拜四（2021 年 2 月 18）。上主要 ê 問題是，火星 ê 大氣層 實在是厚甲無法度當做伊無。你若 boăi chhap 伊，伊 to̍h 會 kā 你 ê 太空船 熔去。另外一方面，大氣層傷薄，la̍k-ká-sáng 無啥路用，太空船會摔歹去。所以，tī 這个影片 內底 ê 說明有講，毅力號登陸器會拍開一个足大 ê la̍k-ká-sáng 來減速。紲落來閣會用火箭。若是攏有順利，上尾 to̍h 會用 天空吊車 浮 tī 地面頂懸，才 kā kah 車平大台 ê 毅力號探測車 用索仔 kā 降 lŏe 地面。這聽起來敢若淡薄仔痟痟。毋閣 2012 年 好奇號探測車 嘛是用差不多仝款 ê 方式 kā 伊 囥 tī 火星面頂。Ùi 大氣層入去，到碰著地面，差不多愛 7 分鐘久 ê 時間。所有 ê 協調攏愛 ùi 車頂 ê 電腦來控制。因為火星傷遠矣啦！無法度進行高速 ê 互動通訊。這个時陣，tī 地球 ê 人 干焦會使等。等到咱聽著登陸成功 ê 消息為止。頂禮拜，阿聯酋 (UAE) ê 希望號太空船 已經開始踅火星運轉矣。一工後，中國 ê 天文一號任務 嘛開始矣。In 可能會 tī 紲落來幾若個月安排 in 家己 ê 探測船登陸火星。

[POJ] Gē-le̍k-hō: Chhi̍t hun-cheng kàu Hóe-chhiⁿ

Beh an-choân kàng-lo̍h Hóe-chhiⁿ ū gōa khùn-lân? Chit-kiāⁿ tāi-chì khùn-lân kàu teng-lio̍k-sit-pāi pí sêng-kong koh-khah chōe. Āu-chi̍t-pái khì-tô͘ teng-lio̍k sī tī chi̍t-lé-pài-sì (jī-khòng-jī-it nî jī goe̍h cha̍p-poeh). Siāng chú-iàu ê būn-tê sī, Hóe-chhiⁿ ê tōa-khì-chân si̍t-chāi sī kāu-kah bô-hoat-tō͘ tòng-chòe i bô. Lí nā-sī boăi chhap i, i to̍h ē kā lí ê thài-khong-chûn iûⁿ--khì. Lēng-gōa chi̍t-hong-bīn, tōa-khì-chân siuⁿ po̍h, kàng-lo̍h-sòaⁿ bô saⁿ lō͘-iōng, thài-khong-chûn ê siak-pháiⁿ-khì. Só͘-í, tī chit-ê iáⁿ-phìⁿ lāi-té ê soeh-bêng ū kóng, Gē-le̍k-hō teng-lio̍k-khì ē phah-khui chi̍t-ê chiok tōa ê kàng-lo̍h-sòaⁿ lâi kiám-sok. Sòa-lo̍h-lâi koh-ē iōng hóe-chìⁿ. Nā-sī lóng-ū sūn-lī, siāng-bóe to̍h ē iōng Thian-khong-tiàu-chhia phû tī tē-bīn téng-koân, chiah kā kah chhia pêⁿ-tōa-tâi ê Gē-le̍k-hō thàm-chhek-chhia iōng soh-á kā kàng-lŏe tē-bīn. Che thiaⁿ--khí-lâi ká-ná ū tām-po̍h-á siáu-siáu. M̄-koh jī-khòng-it-jī nî Hòⁿ-kî-hō thài-khong-chûn mā-sī iōng chha-put-to kāng-khoán ê hong-sek kā i khǹg tī Hóe-chhiⁿ bīn-téng. Ùi tōa-khì-chân ji̍p-khì, kàu pōng-tio̍h tē-bīn, chha-put-to ài chhit hun-cheng kú ê sî-kan. Só͘-ū ê hia̍p-tiau lóng-ài ùi chhia-téng ê tiān-náu lâi khòng-chè. In-ūi Hóe-chhiⁿ siuⁿ hn̄g ah lah! Bô-hoat-tō͘ chìn-hêng ko-sok ê hō͘-tōng-thong-sìn. Chit-ê sî-chūn, tī tē-kiû ê lâng kan-na ē-sái tán. Tán-kàu lán thiaⁿ-tio̍h teng-lio̍k-sêng-kong ê siau-sit ûi-chí. Téng-lé-pài, A-liân-siû (UAE) ê Hi-bāng-hō thài-khong-chûn í-keng khai-sí se̍h Hóe-chhiⁿ ūn-choán ah. Chi̍t-kang āu, Tiong-kok ê Thian-bûn-it-hō jīm-bū mā khai-sí ah. In khó-lêng ē tī sòa-lo̍h-lâi kúi-ā-kò-goe̍h an-pâi in ka-tī ê thàm-chhek-chûn teng-lio̍k-Hóe-chhiⁿ.

[KIP] Gē-li̍k-hō: Tshi̍t hun-tsing kàu Hué-tshinn

Beh an-tsuân kàng-lo̍h Hué-tshinn ū guā khùn-lân? Tsit-kiānn tāi-tsì khùn-lân kàu ting-lio̍k-sit-pāi pí sîng-kong koh-khah tsuē. Āu-tsi̍t-pái khì-tôo ting-lio̍k sī tī tsi̍t-lé-pài-sì (jī-khòng-jī-it nî jī gue̍h tsa̍p-pueh). Siāng tsú-iàu ê būn-tê sī, Hué-tshinn ê tuā-khì-tsân si̍t-tsāi sī kāu-kah bô-huat-tōo tòng-tsuè i bô. Lí nā-sī buăi tshap i, i to̍h ē kā lí ê thài-khong-tsûn iûnn--khì. Līng-guā tsi̍t-hong-bīn, tuā-khì-tsân siunn po̍h, kàng-lo̍h-suànn bô sann lōo-iōng, thài-khong-tsûn ê siak-pháinn-khì. Sóo-í, tī tsit-ê iánn-phìnn lāi-té ê sueh-bîng ū kóng, Gē-li̍k-hō ting-lio̍k-khì ē phah-khui tsi̍t-ê tsiok tuā ê kàng-lo̍h-suànn lâi kiám-sok. Suà-lo̍h-lâi koh-ē iōng hué-tsìnn. Nā-sī lóng-ū sūn-lī, siāng-bué to̍h ē iōng Thian-khong-tiàu-tshia phû tī tē-bīn tíng-kuân, tsiah kā kah tshia pênn-tuā-tâi ê Gē-li̍k-hō thàm-tshik-tshia iōng soh-á kā kàng-luĕ tē-bīn. Tse thiann--khí-lâi ká-ná ū tām-po̍h-á siáu-siáu. M̄-koh jī-khòng-it-jī nî Hònn-kî-hō thài-khong-tsûn mā-sī iōng tsha-put-to kāng-khuán ê hong-sik kā i khǹg tī Hué-tshinn bīn-tíng. Uì tuā-khì-tsân ji̍p-khì, kàu pōng-tio̍h tē-bīn, tsha-put-to ài tshit hun-tsing kú ê sî-kan. Sóo-ū ê hia̍p-tiau lóng-ài uì tshia-tíng ê tiān-náu lâi khòng-tsè. In-uī Hué-tshinn siunn hn̄g ah lah! Bô-huat-tōo tsìn-hîng ko-sok ê hōo-tōng-thong-sìn. Tsit-ê sî-tsūn, tī tē-kiû ê lâng kan-na ē-sái tán. Tán-kàu lán thiann-tio̍h ting-lio̍k-sîng-kong ê siau-sit uî-tsí. Tíng-lé-pài, A-liân-sîu (UAE) ê Hi-bāng-hō thài-khong-tsûn í-king khai-sí se̍h Hué-tshinn ūn-tsuán ah. Tsi̍t-kang āu, Tiong-kok ê Thian-bûn-it-hō jīm-bū mā khai-sí ah. In khó-lîng ē tī suà-lo̍h-lâi kuí-ā-kò-gue̍h an-pâi in ka-tī ê thàm-tshik-tsûn ting-lio̍k-Hué-tshinn.

[English] Perseverance: Seven Minutes to Mars 

How hard is it to land safely on Mars?So hard that many more attempts have failed than succeeded. The next attempt will be on Thursday.The main problem is that the Martian atmosphere is too thick to ignore -- or it will melt your spacecraft. On the other hand, the atmosphere is too thin to rely on parachutes -- or your spacecraft will crash land. Therefore, as outlined in the featured video , the Perseverance lander will lose much of its high speed by deploying a huge parachute, but then switch to rockets, and finally, assuming everything goes right, culminate with a hovering Sky Crane that will slowly lower the car-sized Perseverance rover to the surface with ropes. It may sound crazy, but the Curiosity rover was placed on Mars using a similar method in 2012. From atmospheric entry to surface touch-down takes about seven minutes, all coordinated by an onboard computer because Mars is too far away for rapid interactive communication. During this time, humans on Earth will simply wait to hear if the landing was successful.Last week, UAE 's Hope spacecraft successfully began orbiting Mars, followed a day later by the Chinese Tianwen-1 mission , which will likely schedule a landing of its own rover sometime in the next few months.

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