發出雷射光來馴服天空

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：Firing Lasers to Tame the Sky
• 影像來源 kah 版權：Juan Carlos Munoz
• 文稿：Juan Carlos Munoz
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] 發出雷射光來馴服天空

天星是按怎會爁光？這 to̍h 愛怪大氣層啦！大氣層內底有一寡定速運動 ê 空氣包，in ê 溫度 kah 空氣溫度有小可仔無仝。To̍h 是 in kā ùi 遠方天體行過來 ê 光路拗曲去矣！大氣亂流 tùi 天文學家來講是一个麻煩。因為伊會 kā 欲研究 ê 目標影像 創霧去。這張影像內底 ê 望遠鏡 to̍h tī ESO ê Paranal 天文台。伊有鬥 四座雷射光 tī 天文台內底，會當 kā 大氣亂流 做校正。Kā 這个雷射光調做一色，會當 kā 浮 tī 地球大氣層 頂懸、流星留落來 ê 鈉 原子激發。這个 發光 ê 鈉斑，伊 ê 功能 to̍h 親像是人造星仝款。Kā 伊 ê 爁光隨記錄起來，經過一个一秒鐘會變形幾若百擺 ê 鏡面 了後，to̍h 會當消除大氣內底亂流 ê 影響，產生一个 清楚 ê 影像。這款 消除一粒星 ê 爁光，是一个發展中 ê 技術，會當 tī 一寡狀況之下，tī 地面 to̍h 會當翕著 哈伯 級 ê 影像。這个技術嘛應用 tī 人類視覺科學 內底，會使提著足清楚 ê 視網膜影像。

[POJ] Hoat-chhut lûi-siā-kng lâi sûn-hok thian-khong

Thiⁿ-chhiⁿ sī án-ná ê nà-kng? Che to̍h ài koài tōa-khì-chân lah! Tōa-khì-chân lāi-té ū chi̍t-kóa tēng-sok-ūn-tōng ê khong-khì-pau, in ê un-tō͘ kah khong-khì-un-tō͘ ū sió-khóa-á bô-kâng. To̍h sī in kā ùi oán-hong thian-thé kiâⁿ--kòe-lâi ê kng-lō͘ áu-khiau-khì ah! Tōa-khì-loān-liû tùi thian-bûn-ha̍k-ka lâi-kóng sī chi̍t-ê mâ-hoân. In-ūi i ē kā beh gián-kiù ê bo̍k-phiau iáⁿ-siōng chhòng bū-khì. Chit-tiuⁿ iáⁿ-siōng lāi-té ê bōng-oán-kiàⁿ to̍h tī ESO ê Pranal thian-bûn-tâi. I ū tàu sì-chō lûi-siā-kng tī thian-bûn-tâi lāi-té, ē-tàng kā tōa-khì-loān-liû chò kàu-chèng. Kā chit-ê lûi-siā-kng tiâu chò chi̍t-se̍k, ē-tàng kā phû tī tē-kiû tōa-khì-chân téng-koân, liû-chhiⁿ lâu--lo̍h-lâi ê la̍p-goân-chú kek-hoat. Chit-ê hoat-kng ê la̍p-pan, i ê kong-lêng to̍h chhin-chhiūⁿ sī jîn-chō-chhiⁿ kāng-khoán. Kā i ê nà-kng sûi kì-lo̍k--khí-lâi, keng-kòe chi̍t-ê chi̍t-bió-cheng ē piàn-hêng kúi-nā-pah pái ê kiàⁿ-bīn liáu-āu, to̍h ē-tàng siau-tû tōa-khì lāi-té loān-liû ê éng-hióng, sán-seng chi̍t-ê chheng-chhó ê iáⁿ-siōng. Chit-khoán siau-tû chi̍t-lia̍p-chhiⁿ ê nà-kng, sī chi̍t-ê hoat-tián-tiong ê ki-su̍t, ē-tàng tī chi̍t-kóa chōng-hóng chi-hā, tī tē-bīn to̍h ē-tàng hip-tio̍h Ha-peh-kip ê iáⁿ-siōng. Chit-ê ki-su̍t mā èng-iōng tī jîn-lūi-sī-kak-kho-ha̍k lāi-té, ē-sái the̍h-tio̍h chiok chheng-chhó ê sī-bāng-mo̍͘h iáⁿ-siōng.

[KIP] Huat-tshut luî-siā-kng lâi sûn-hok thian-khong

Thinn-tshinn sī án-ná ê nà-kng? Tse to̍h ài kuài tuā-khì-tsân lah! Tuā-khì-tsân lāi-té ū tsi̍t-kuá tīng-sok-ūn-tōng ê khong-khì-pau, in ê un-tōo kah khong-khì-un-tōo ū sió-khuá-á bô-kâng. To̍h sī in kā uì uán-hong thian-thé kiânn--kuè-lâi ê kng-lōo áu-khiau-khì ah! Tuā-khì-luān-liû tuì thian-bûn-ha̍k-ka lâi-kóng sī tsi̍t-ê mâ-huân. In-uī i ē kā beh gián-kiù ê bo̍k-phiau iánn-siōng tshòng bū-khì. Tsit-tiunn iánn-siōng lāi-té ê bōng-uán-kiànn to̍h tī ESO ê Pranal thian-bûn-tâi. I ū tàu sì-tsō luî-siā-kng tī thian-bûn-tâi lāi-té, ē-tàng kā tuā-khì-luān-liû tsò kàu-tsìng. Kā tsit-ê luî-siā-kng tiâu tsò tsi̍t-si̍k, ē-tàng kā phû tī tē-kîu tuā-khì-tsân tíng-kuân, lîu-tshinn lâu--lo̍h-lâi ê la̍p-guân-tsú kik-huat. Tsit-ê huat-kng ê la̍p-pan, i ê kong-lîng to̍h tshin-tshiūnn sī jîn-tsō-tshinn kāng-khuán. Kā i ê nà-kng suî kì-lo̍k--khí-lâi, king-kuè tsi̍t-ê tsi̍t-bió-tsing ē piàn-hîng kuí-nā-pah pái ê kiànn-bīn liáu-āu, to̍h ē-tàng siau-tû tuā-khì lāi-té luān-lîu ê íng-hióng, sán-sing tsi̍t-ê tshing-tshó ê iánn-siōng. Tsit-khuán siau-tû tsi̍t-lia̍p-tshinn ê nà-kng, sī tsi̍t-ê huat-tián-tiong ê ki-su̍t, ē-tàng tī tsi̍t-kuá tsōng-hóng tsi-hā, tī tē-bīn to̍h ē-tàng hip-tio̍h Ha-peh-kip ê iánn-siōng. Tsit-ê ki-su̍t mā ìng-iōng tī jîn-luī-sī-kak-kho-ha̍k lāi-té, ē-sái the̍h-tio̍h tsiok tshing-tshó ê sī-bāng-mo̍͘h iánn-siōng.

[English] Firing Lasers to Tame the Sky 

Why do stars twinkle? Our atmosphere is to blame as pockets of slightly off-temperature air, in constant motion, distort the light paths from distant astronomical objects.Atmospheric turbulence is a problem for astronomers because it blurs the images of the sources they want to study.The telescope featured in this image, located at ESO ’s Paranal Observatory , is equipped with four lasers to combat this turbulence .The lasers are tuned to a color that excites atoms floating high in Earth's atmosphere -- sodium left by passing meteors.These glowing sodium spots act as artificial stars whose twinkling is immediately recorded and passed to a flexible mirror that deforms hundreds of times per second, counteracting atmospheric turbulence and resulting in crisper images .The de-twinkling of stars is a developing field of technology and allows, in some cases, Hubble - class images to be taken from the ground. This technique has also led to spin-off applications in human vision science , where it is used to obtain very sharp images of the retina.

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