腦髓星雲 ê 超新星殘骸

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：The Medulla Nebula Supernova Remnant
• 影像來源佮版權：Russell Croman
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] 腦髓星雲 ê 超新星殘骸

是啥物驅動這个特殊 ê 星雲？CTB-1 是一萬年前佇 仙后座 方向 ê 一粒大質量恆星爆炸ê時陣留落來 ê 脹大 ê 氣體殼。這个恆星應該是佇伊核心 ê 元素燒了了後才爆炸 ê。遮 ê 元素本底是佇 核融合 ê 時陣 產生壓力予恆星會當穩定。這个 超新星殘骸，因為看起來 足成是一粒腦，所以 to̍h 叫做腦髓星雲。伊因為佮邊仔 ê 星際氣體 相碰，所以猶繼續佇 可見光 咧發光。是講，是按怎這个 星雲 嘛會佇 X 光 發光呢？這个問題 到今猶是一个謎。有一个假設是講，有一粒活跳跳 ê 脈動星 佇仝一个時間製造出來，用高速 ê 恆星風 kā 星雲推捒出去。根據這个假設，最近有一粒脈動星佇 電波波段 予人揣著。伊敢若是佇 超新星爆炸 ê 時陣，用一秒鐘 1000 公里緊 ê 速度發出信號。雖然講，腦髓星雲 看起來 kā 咱 ê 月娘 欲平大，毋閣伊實在是傷暗矣！這張影像 是佇 美國 ê 新 墨西哥洲，用兩台細台 ê 望遠鏡，開 130 點鐘久 ê 時間感光才提著欸。

[POJ] Náu-chhóe seng-hûn ê chhiau-sin-seng chân-hâi

Sī siáⁿ-mih khu-tōng chit-ê te̍k-sû ê seng-hûn? CTB-chi-it sī chi̍t-bān nî-chêng tī Sian-hiō-chō hong-hiòng ê chi̍t-lia̍p tōa-chit-liōng hêng-chhiⁿ po̍k-chà ê sî-chūn lâu–lo̍h-lâi ê tiùⁿ-tōa ê khì-thé-khak. Chit-ê hêng-chhiⁿ èng-kā sī tī i he̍k-sim ê goân-sò͘ sio-liáu liáu-āu chiah po̍k-chà ê. Chia-ê goân-sò͘ pún-té sī tī he̍k-iông-ha̍p ê sî-chūn sán-seng ap-le̍k hō͘ hêng-chhiⁿ ē-tàng ún-tēng. Chit-ê Chhiau-sin-seng chân-hâi, in-ūi khòaⁿ–khí-lâi chiok sêng sī chi̍t-lia̍p náu, só͘-í to̍h kiò-chò Náu-chhóe seng-hûn. I in-ūi kah piⁿ-á ê seng-chè khì-thé sio-pōng, só͘-í iáu kè-sio̍k tī khó-kiàn-kng leh hoat-kng. Sī-kóng, sī án-chóaⁿ chit-ê seng-hûn mā ē tī X-kng hoat-kng neh? Chit-ê būn-tê kàu-taⁿ iáu-sī chi̍t-ê bē. Ū chi̍t-ê ká-siat sī-kóng, ū chi̍t-lia̍p oa̍h-thiàu-thiàu ê me̍h-tōng-chhiⁿ tī kâng-chi̍t-ê sî-kan chè-chō chhut-lâi, iōng ko-sok ê hêng-chhiⁿ-hong kā seng-hûn thui-sak chhut-khì. kun-kù chit-ê ká-siat, chòe-kūn ū chi̍t-lia̍p me̍h-tōng-chhiⁿ tī tiān-pho pho-toān hō͘ lâng chhōe-tio̍h. I ká-ná sī tī chhiau-sin-seng po̍k-chà ê sî-chūn, iōng chi̍t-bió-cheng chi̍t-chheng kong-lí kín–ê sok-tō͘ hoat-chhut sìn-hō. Sui-jiân-kóng, Náu-chhóe seng-hûn khòaⁿ–khí-lâi kā lán ê goe̍h-niû beh pêⁿ-tōa, m̄-koh i si̍t-chāi sī siūⁿ àm–ah! Chit-tiuⁿ iáⁿ-siōng sī tī Bí-kok ê Sin Be̍k-se-ko chiu, iōng nn̄g-tâi sè-tâi-ê bōng-oán-kiàⁿ, khai pah-saⁿ tiám-cheng kú ê sî-kan kám-kng chiah thē–tio̍h-e̍h.

[KIP] Náu-tshué sing-hûn ê tshiau-sin-sing tsân-hâi

Sī siánn-mih khu-tōng tsit-ê ti̍k-sû ê sing-hûn? CTB-tsi-it sī tsi̍t-bān nî-tsîng tī Sian-hiō-tsō hong-hiòng ê tsi̍t-lia̍p tuā-tsit-liōng hîng-tshinn po̍k-tsà ê sî-tsūn lâu–lo̍h-lâi ê tiùnn-tuā ê khì-thé-khak. Tsit-ê hîng-tshinn ìng-kā sī tī i hi̍k-sim ê guân-sòo sio-liáu liáu-āu tsiah po̍k-tsà ê. Tsia-ê guân-sòo pún-té sī tī hi̍k-iông-ha̍p ê sî-tsūn sán-sing ap-li̍k hōo hîng-tshinn ē-tàng ún-tīng. Tsit-ê Tshiau-sin-sing tsân-hâi, in-uī khuànn–khí-lâi tsiok sîng sī tsi̍t-lia̍p náu, sóo-í to̍h kiò-tsò Náu-tshué sing-hûn. I in-uī kah pinn-á ê sing-tsè khì-thé sio-pōng, sóo-í iáu kè-sio̍k tī khó-kiàn-kng leh huat-kng. Sī-kóng, sī án-tsuánn tsit-ê sing-hûn mā ē tī X-kng huat-kng neh? Tsit-ê būn-tê kàu-tann iáu-sī tsi̍t-ê bē. Ū tsi̍t-ê ká-siat sī-kóng, ū tsi̍t-lia̍p ua̍h-thiàu-thiàu ê me̍h-tōng-tshinn tī kâng-tsi̍t-ê sî-kan tsè-tsō tshut-lâi, iōng ko-sok ê hîng-tshinn-hong kā sing-hûn thui-sak tshut-khì. kun-kù tsit-ê ká-siat, tsuè-kūn ū tsi̍t-lia̍p me̍h-tōng-tshinn tī tiān-pho pho-tuān hōo lâng tshuē-tio̍h. I ká-ná sī tī tshiau-sin-sing po̍k-tsà ê sî-tsūn, iōng tsi̍t-bió-tsing tsi̍t-tshing kong-lí kín–ê sok-tōo huat-tshut sìn-hō. Sui-jiân-kóng, Náu-tshué sing-hûn khuànn–khí-lâi kā lán ê gue̍h-niû beh pênn-tuā, m̄-koh i si̍t-tsāi sī siūnn àm–ah! Tsit-tiunn iánn-siōng sī tī Bí-kok ê Sin Bi̍k-se-ko tsiu, iōng nn̄g-tâi sè-tâi-ê bōng-uán-kiànn, khai pah-sann tiám-tsing kú ê sî-kan kám-kng tsiah thē–tio̍h-e̍h.

[English]  The Medulla Nebula Supernova Remnant 

What powers this unusual nebula?CTB-1 is the expanding gas shell that was left when a massive star toward the constellation of Cassiopeia exploded about 10,000 years ago.The star likely detonated when it ran out of elements, near its core, that could create stabilizing pressure with nuclear fusion .The resulting supernova remnant , nicknamed the Medulla Nebula for its brain-like shape , still glows in visible light by the heat generated by its collision with confining interstellar gas . Why the nebula also glows in X-ray light , though, remains a mystery .One hypothesis holds that an energetic pulsar was co-created that powers the nebula with a fast outwardly moving wind.Following this lead, a pulsar has recently been found in radio waves that appears to have been expelled by the supernova explosion at over 1000 kilometers per second. Although the Medulla Nebula appears as large as a full moon , it is so faint that it took 130-hours of exposure with two small telescopes in New Mexico , USA , to create the featured image .

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【腦髓星雲】Náu-chhóe seng-hûn/Náu-tshué sing-hûn/延髓星雲/Medulla Nebula
• 【超新星殘骸】chhiau-sin-seng chân-hâi/tshiau-sin-sing tsân-hâi/超新星殘骸/supernova remnant
• 【仙后座】Sian-hiō-chō/Sian-hiō-tsō/仙后座/the constellation of Cassiopeia
• 【核融合】he̍k-iông-ha̍p/hi̍k-iông-ha̍p/核融合/nuclear fusion
• 【脈動星】me̍h-tōng-chhiⁿ/me̍h-tōng-tshinn/脈衝星、脈動星/pulsar
• 【超新星爆炸】chhiau-sin-seng po̍k-chà/tshiau-sin-sing po̍k-tsà/超新星爆炸/supernova explosion
• 【新墨西哥】Sin Be̍k-se-ko/Sin Bi̍k-se-ko/新墨西哥/New Mexico