2021 年規年 ê 月相

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：Moon Phases in 2021
• 影片來源：資料：Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter；動畫：NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio；音樂：Brandenburg Concerto No4-1 BWV1049 (Johann Sebastian Bach), by Kevin MacLeod via Incompetech
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] 2021 年規年 ê 月相

月球佇你今年生日彼工會生做啥物款？這實在是 真歹臆！因為 月相 逐暗攏無仝 ⁴。（譯者佇遮那翻那想：台灣人若是有咧過舊曆生日，to̍h 一定會知影矣啦！攏免臆！）月球 踅 地球 leh 行 ê 時陣，伊去予 太陽 照著 ê 彼面會愈來愈光，煞來才愈來愈暗。這支 影片 是 NASA ê 踅月 探測軌道衛星 ê 動態影像。你會當看著今年 2021 年 12 擺 ê 盈虧。逐擺 ê 盈虧 是月球一擺完整 ê 循環，包括所有 ê 月 相。一个完整 ê 盈虧 是 29.5 工，比一個 月 無仝 ê 角度反射，所以月球逐擺去予 光照著 ê 地表嘛會無仝。當然，月球 是逐擺攏用仝一爿佮 地球 相向。是講，逐暗較袂注意著 ê 變化是，月球 看起來 ê 寸尺會小可仔無仝。伊 佇 長株圓軌道 leh 行 ê 時陣，閣會小可仔幌頭，這款現象 to̍h 叫做 天平動。

[POJ] Jī-khòng-jī-it nî kui-nî ê goe̍h-siòng

Goe̍h-kiû tī lí kin-nî seⁿ-ji̍t hit-kang ē seⁿ-chò siáⁿ-mih-khoán? Che si̍t-chāi sī chin-phái-ioh. In-ūi goe̍h-siòng ta̍k-àm lóng bô-kâng. (E̍k-chiá tī chia ná-hoan ná-siūⁿ: Tâi-oân-lâng nā-sī ū-leh kòe kū-le̍k seⁿ-ji̍t, to̍h it-tēng ē chai-iáⁿ ah lah! Lóng bián ioh!) Goe̍h-kiû se̍h tē-kiû leh kiâⁿ ê sî-chūn, i khì hō͘ thài-iông chiò-tio̍h ê hit-bīn ē jú-lâi-jú-kng, soah–lâi chiah jú-lâi-jú-àm. Chit-ki iáⁿ-phìⁿ sī NASA ê Se̍h-goe̍h thàm-chhek kúi-tō ūi-chhiⁿ ê tōng-thài iáⁿ-siōng. Lí ē-tàng khòaⁿ-tio̍h kin-nî jī-khòng-jī-it nî cha̍p-jī pái ê êng-khui. Ta̍k-pái ê êng-khui sī goe̍h-kiû chi̍t-pái oân-chéng ê sûn-khoân, pau-koat só͘-ū ê goe̍h-siòng. Chi̍t-ê oân-chéng ê êng-khui sī jī-cha̍p-káu tiám gō͘ kang, pí chi̍t-kò-goe̍h khah-té tām-po̍h-á. Tī múi-chi̍t-pái ê êng-khui kòe-têng, thài-iông-kng ē úi goe̍h-kiû bô-kâng ê kak-tō͘ hoán-siā, só͘-í goe̍h-kiû ta̍k-pái khì hō͘ kng chiò-tio̍h ê tē-piáu mā ē bô-kâng. Tong-jiân, goe̍h-kiû sī ta̍k-pái lóng iōng kâng-chi̍t-pêng kah tē-kiû sio-hiàng. Sī-kóng, ta̍k-àm khah bē chù-ì tio̍h ê piàn-hòa sī, goe̍h-kiû khòaⁿ–khí-lâi ê chhùn-chhioh ē sió-khóa-á bô-kâng. I tī tn̂g-tu-îⁿ kúi-tō leh kiâⁿ ê sî-chūn, koh ē sió-khóa-á hàiⁿ-thâu, chit-khòaⁿ hiān-siōng to̍h kiò-chò Thian-pêng-tōng.

[KIP] Jī-khòng-jī-it nî kui-nî ê gue̍h-siòng

Gue̍h-kiû tī lí kin-nî senn-ji̍t hit-kang ē senn-tsò siánn-mih-khuán? Tse si̍t-tsāi sī tsin-phái-ioh. In-uī gue̍h-siòng ta̍k-àm lóng bô-kâng. (I̍k-tsiá tī tsia ná-huan ná-siūnn: Tâi-uân-lâng nā-sī ū-leh kuè kū-li̍k senn-ji̍t, to̍h it-tīng ē tsai-iánn ah lah! Lóng bián ioh!) Gue̍h-kiû se̍h tē-kîu leh kiânn ê sî-tsūn, i khì hōo thài-iông tsiò-tio̍h ê hit-bīn ē jú-lâi-jú-kng, suah–lâi tsiah jú-lâi-jú-àm. Tsit-ki iánn-phìnn sī NASA ê Se̍h-gue̍h thàm-tshik kuí-tō uī-tshinn ê tōng-thài iánn-siōng. Lí ē-tàng khuànn-tio̍h kin-nî jī-khòng-jī-it nî tsa̍p-jī pái ê îng-khui. Ta̍k-pái ê îng-khui sī gue̍h-kîu tsi̍t-pái uân-tsíng ê sûn-khuân, pau-kuat sóo-ū ê gue̍h-siòng. Tsi̍t-ê uân-tsíng ê îng-khui sī jī-tsa̍p-káu tiám gōo kang, pí tsi̍t-kò-gue̍h khah-té tām-po̍h-á. Tī muí-tsi̍t-pái ê îng-khui kuè-tîng, thài-iông-kng ē uí gue̍h-kîu bô-kâng ê kak-tōo huán-siā, sóo-í gue̍h-kîu ta̍k-pái khì hōo kng tsiò-tio̍h ê tē-piáu mā ē bô-kâng. Tong-jiân, gue̍h-kîu sī ta̍k-pái lóng iōng kâng-tsi̍t-pîng kah tē-kîu sio-hiàng. Sī-kóng, ta̍k-àm khah bē tsù-ì tio̍h ê piàn-huà sī, gue̍h-kiû khuànn–khí-lâi ê tshùn-tshioh ē sió-khuá-á bô-kâng. I tī tn̂g-tu-înn kuí-tō leh kiânn ê sî-tsūn, koh ē sió-khuá-á hàinn-thâu, tsit-khuànn hiān-siōng to̍h kiò-tsò Thian-pîng-tōng.

[English] Moon Phases in 2021

What will the Moon phase be on your birthday this year? It is hard to predict because the Moon’s appearance changes nightly. As the Moon orbits the [Earth][Earth], the half illuminated by the Sun first becomes increasingly visible, then decreasingly visible.The featured video animates images taken by NASA’s Moon-orbiting Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter to show all 12 lunations that appear this year, 2021. A single lunation describes one full cycle of our Moon, including all of its phases. A full lunation takes about 29.5 days, just under a month (moon-th). As each lunation progresses, sunlight reflects from the Moon at different angles, and so illuminates different features differently. During all of this, of course, the Moon always keeps the same face toward the [Earth][Earth]. What is less apparent night-to-night is that the Moon’s apparent size changes slightly,and that a slight wobble called a libration occurs as the Moon progresses along its elliptical orbit.

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【月相】goe̍h-siòng/gue̍h-siòng/月相/moon phase
• 【踅月探測軌道衛星】Se̍h-goe̍h thàm-chhek kúi-tō ūi-chhiⁿ/Se̍h-gue̍h thàm-tshik kúi-tō uī-tshinn/繞月探查軌道衛星/Moon-orbiting Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
• 【盈虧】êng-khui/îng-khui/盈虧/lunations
• 【長株圓】tn̂g-tu-îⁿ/tn̂g-tu-înn/橢圓/elliptical
• 【長篙圓】tn̂g-ko-îⁿ/tn̂g-ko-înn/橢圓/elliptical
• 【橢圓】thó-îⁿ/thó-înn/橢圓/elliptical
• 【相向】sio-hiàng/sio-hiàng/相向/face toward
• 【相向】saⁿ-hiòng/sann-hiòng/相向/face toward
• 【天平動】Thian-pêng-tōng/Thian-pîng-tōng/天平動/Libration