星系佮南天極

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• 原始文章：Galaxies and the South Celestial Pole
• 影像來源佮版權：Petr Horalek, Josef Kujal
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] 星系佮南天極

佇濟濟星跡影像內底，南天極 佇南半球真簡單著會當揣著。你若 kā 地球自轉軸對南爿伸長，著會佇南天 ê 星跡弓線 ê 中央揣著。佇這个深空南天 60 度闊 ê 天星全景圖，南天極 to̍h 佇中央附近，予足光 ê 星系佮南天 ê 寶石箍牢 ê。佇這幅圖 ê 頂懸是咱 ê 銀河內底 ê 天星佮星雲。頂懸中央附近有一个叫做十字架一 ê 黃光巨星，佇 南十字座上面頂。伊佮暗閣闊 ê 火炭袋仔星雲，藏佇十字架 ê 手骨倒爿。海山二佮發紅光 ê 船底座大星雲佇銀河盤仔倚正爿尾爍咧爍咧。佇這幅圖 ê 下面是大麥哲倫星雲佮小麥哲倫星雲，in 佇 銀河 ê 外口，是銀河 ê 衛星星系。對十字架一通過南十字座尾溜 ê 藍光星十字架二畫一條線，會指向南天極。毋過實際上，伊到底佇綴？咱來看一下仔 南極星 南極座 σ。佮北極星來比，南極座 σ 離 南天極 猶閣有一度外遐爾遠。

[POJ] Seng-hē kah Lâm-thian-ke̍k

Tī chōe-chōe chhiⁿ-jiah iáⁿ-siōng lāi-té, Lâm-thian-ke̍k tī Lâm-pòaⁿ-kiû chín kán-tan to̍h ē-tàng chhōe–tio̍h. Lí nā kā tē-kiû chū-choán-te̍k úi lâm-pêng chhun-tn̂g, to̍h ē tī lâm-thian ê chhiⁿ-jiah keng-sòaⁿ ê tiong-ng chhōe–tio̍h. Tī chi̍t-ê chhim-khong lâm-thian la̍k-cha̍p tō͘ khoah ê thiⁿ-chhiⁿ-choán-kéng-tô͘, Lâm-thian-ke̍k to̍h tī tiong-ng hù-kūn, hō͘ chiok-kng ê seng-hē kah lâm-thian ê pó-chio̍h kho͘-tiâu-ê. Tī chi̍t-pak-tô͘ ê téng-koân sī lán ê Gîn-hô lāi-té ê thiⁿ-chheⁿ kah seng-hûn. Téng-koân tiong-ng hù-kūn ū chi̍t-ê kiò-chò Si̍p-jī-kè it ê n̂g-kng kū-chhiⁿ, tī Lâm-si̍p-jī-chō siōng bīn-téng. I kah àm-koh-khoah ê Hóe-thòaⁿ tē-á seng-hûn, chhàng tī si̍p-jī-kè ê chhiú-kut tò-pêng. Hái-san-jī kah hoat-âng-kng ê Chûn-té-chō tōa-seng-hûn tī Gîn-hô pôaⁿ-á óa chiàⁿ-pêng-bóe sih-leh-sih-leh. Tī chi̍t-pak tô͘ ê ē-bīn sī Tōa Be̍h-thiat-lûn seng-hûn kah Sió Be̍h-thiat-lûn seng-hûn, in tī Gîn-hô gōa-kháu, sī Gîn-hô ê ūi-chhiⁿ seng-hē. Tùi Si̍p-jī-kè it thong-kòe Lâm-si̍p-jī-chō bé-liu ê lâm-kng-chhiⁿ Si̍p-jī-kè jī ōe chi̍t-tiâu-sòaⁿ, ē chí-hiòng Lâm-thian-ke̍k. M̄-koh si̍t-chè-siōng, i tàu-té tī tòe? Lán lâi khòaⁿ chi̍t-ē-á Lâm-ke̍k-chhiⁿ Lâm-ke̍k-chō sí-ko̍h-mah. Kah Pak-ke̍k-chhiⁿ lâi pí, Lâm-ke̍k-chō σ iáu-koh-ū chi̍t-tō͘ hiah-nī hn̄g.

[KIP] Sing-hē kah Lâm-thian-ki̍k

Tī tsuē-tsuē tshinn-jiah iánn-siōng lāi-té, Lâm-thian-ki̍k tī Lâm-puànn-kiû tsín kán-tan to̍h ē-tàng tshuē–tio̍h. Lí nā kā tē-kiû tsū-tsuán-ti̍k uí lâm-pîng tshun-tn̂g, to̍h ē tī lâm-thian ê tshinn-jiah king-suànn ê tiong-ng tshuē–tio̍h. Tī tsi̍t-ê tshim-khong lâm-thian la̍k-tsa̍p tō͘ khuah ê thinn-tshinn-tsuán-kíng-tô͘, Lâm-thian-ki̍k to̍h tī tiong-ng hù-kūn, hō͘ tsiok-kng ê sing-hē kah lâm-thian ê pó-tsio̍h kho͘-tiâu-ê. Tī tsi̍t-pak-tô͘ ê tíng-kuân sī lán ê Gîn-hô lāi-té ê thinn-tshenn kah sing-hûn. Tíng-kuân tiong-ng hù-kūn ū tsi̍t-ê kiò-tsò Si̍p-jī-kè it ê n̂g-kng kū-tshinn, tī Lâm-si̍p-jī-tsō siōng bīn-tíng. I kah àm-koh-khuah ê Hué-thuànn tē-á sing-hûn, tshàng tī si̍p-jī-kè ê tshiú-kut tò-pîng. Hái-san-jī kah huat-âng-kng ê Tsûn-té-tsō tuā-sing-hûn tī Gîn-hô puânn-á uá tsiànn-pîng-bué sih-leh-sih-leh. Tī tsi̍t-pak tô͘ ê ē-bīn sī Tuā Be̍h-thiat-lûn sing-hûn kah Sió Be̍h-thiat-lûn sing-hûn, in tī Gîn-hô guā-kháu, sī Gîn-hô ê uī-tshinn sing-hē. Tuì Si̍p-jī-kè it thong-kuè Lâm-si̍p-jī-tsō bé-liu ê lâm-kng-tshinn Si̍p-jī-kè jī uē tsi̍t-tiâu-suànn, ē tsí-hiòng Lâm-thian-ki̍k. M̄-koh si̍t-tsè-siōng, i tàu-té tī tuè? Lán lâi khuànn tsi̍t-ē-á Lâm-ki̍k-tshinn Lâm-ki̍k-tsō sí-ko̍h-mah. Kah Pak-ki̍k-tshinn lâi pí, Lâm-ki̍k-tsō σ iáu-koh-ū tsi̍t-tō͘ hiah-nī hn̄g.

[English] Galaxies and the South Celestial Pole 

The South Celestial Pole is easy to spot in star trail images of the southern sky.The extension of Earth’s axis of rotation to the south, it’sat the center of all the southern star trail arcs. In this starry panorama streching about 60 degrees across deep southern skiesthe South Celestial Pole is somewhere near the middle though,flanked by bright galaxies and southern celestial gems.Across the top of the frame are the stars and nebulae along the planeof our own Milky Way Galaxy.Gamma Crucis, a yellowish giant star heads the Southern Cross near topcenter, with the dark expanse of the Coalsack nebula tucked under thecross arm on the left.Eta Carinae and the reddish glow of the Great Carina Nebula shine alongthe galactic plane near the right edge.At the bottom are the Large and Small Magellanic clouds, external galaxies in their own right and satellites of the mighty Milky Way.A line from Gamma Crucis through the blue star at the bottom of thesouthern cross, Alpha Crucis, points toward the South Celestial Pole,but where exactly is it? Just look for south pole star Sigma Octantis .Analog to Polaris the north pole star,Sigma Octantis is little over one degree fom the the South Celestial pole .

詞彙學習（漢羅/POJ/KIP/華語/English）

• 【星系】seng-hē/seng-hē/星系/galaxies
• 【南天極】Lâm-thian-ke̍k/Lâm-thian-ki̍k/南天極/the South Celestial Pole
• 【星跡】chhiⁿ-jiah/tshinn-jiah/星軌/star trail
• 【南半球】Lâm-pòaⁿ-kiû/Lâm-puànn-kiû/南半球/the South Hemisphere
• 【自轉軸】chū-choán-te̍k/tsū-tsuán-ti̍k/自轉軸/axis of rotation
• 【弓線】keng-sòaⁿ/king-suànn/弧線/arc
• 【銀河盤仔】Gîn-hô poân-á/Gîn-hô puân-á/銀河盤面/Galactic plane
• 【十字架一】Si̍p-jī-kè it/Si̍p-jī-kè it/十字架一/Gamma Crucis
• 【黃光巨星】n̂g-kng kū-chhiⁿ/n̂g-kng kū-tshinn/黃巨星/yellowish giant star
• 【南十字座】Lâm-si̍p-jī chō/Lâm-si̍p-jī tsō/南十字座/the Southern Cross
• 【火炭袋仔星雲】Hóe-thòaⁿ tē-á chhiⁿ-hûn/Hué-thuànn tē-á tshinn-hûn/煤袋星雲/Coalsack Nebula
• 【海山二】Hái-sán jī/Hái-sán jī/海山二/Eta Carinae
• 【船底座大星雲】Chûn-té-chō tōa-chhiⁿ-hûn/Tsûn-té-tsō tuā-tshinn-hûn/船底座大星雲/the Great Carina Nebula
• 【大麥哲倫星雲】Tōa Be̍h-thiat-lûn chhiⁿ-hûn/Tuā Be̍h-thiat-lûn tshinn-hûn/大麥哲倫星雲/the Large Magellanic clouds
• 【小麥哲倫星雲】Sió Be̍h-thiat-lûn chhiⁿ-hûn/Sió Be̍h-thiat-lûn tshinn-hûn/小麥哲倫星雲/the Small Magellanic clouds
• 【十字架二】Si̍p-jī-kè jī/Si̍p-jī-kè jī/十字架二/Alpha Crucis
• 【南極星】Lâm-ke̍k-chhiⁿ/Lâm-ki̍k-tshinn/南極星/the South Celestial pole
• 【南極座 σ】Lâm-ke̍k-chō sí-ko̍h-mah/Lâm-ki̍k-tsō sí-ko̍h-mah/南極座 σ/Sigma Octantis
• 【北極星】Pak-ke̍k-chhiⁿ/Pak-ki̍k-tshinn/北極星/the North Celestial pole