第一个烏洞視平線規模 ê 影像

探索宇宙¹！逐工會揀一幅無仝款 ê 影像抑是相片，𤆬你熟似咱這个迷人 ê 宇宙，閣有專業天文學者²為你解說³。

• 原始文章：First Horizon-Scale Image of a Black Hole
• 影像來源：Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
• 台文翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NCU)

[漢羅] 第一个烏洞視平線規模 ê 影像

烏洞看起來是啥物款 ê？ 為著欲揣著這个答案，全球 ê 電波望遠鏡 用協調觀測技術，來觀測這个目前咱所知影 ê 烏洞 內底，上大 ê 事件視平線。 烏洞本身是干焦 烏 爾爾。 毋閣這款食袂停 ê 怪獸，外沿會閣踅一輾 leh 發光 ê 氣體。 這个第一張烏洞影像是 tī 2019 年 4 月 10 號公開 ê 。 這張影像會當 解析 M87 星系 中心 ê 烏洞 外沿區域。 這比當初時按算欲看 事件視平線 ê 解析度閣較好。 影像 中央 ê 暗區，其實毋是事件視平線，是 烏洞 ê 烏影。 中央氣體發出 ê 光，去予中央烏洞 ê 重力食去才變暗去。 烏影 ê 寸尺 kah 外形，是按 事件視平線附近 ê 發光氣體、強 重力透鏡拗彎 ê 影響，閣有烏洞自旋 ê 影響決定 ê 。 事件視平線望遠鏡 (EHT) 解析 烏洞 ê 烏影，煞加強 愛因斯坦 ê 重力理論 tī 極端區域 嘛有作用 ê 證據。 而且嘛確定 M87 ê 中央有一个 60 億太陽質量 ê 自旋烏洞。 EHT ê 任務猶未煞，未來 ê 觀測會用 閣較懸 ê 解析度、tùi 變異性有較好 ê 追蹤技術、嘛會探索咱 銀河 中心 烏洞 外沿 ê 狀況。

[POJ] Te-it-ê o͘-tōng sī-pêng-sòaⁿ kui-bô͘ ê iáⁿ-siōng

O͘-tōng khòaⁿ--khí-lâi sī siáⁿ-mih-khoán ê? Ūi-tio̍h beh chhōe tio̍h chit-ê tap-àn, choân-kiû ê tiān-pho-bōng-oán-kiàⁿ iōng hia̍p-tiau-koan-chhek-ki-su̍t, lâi koan-chhek chit-ê bo̍k-chêng lán sò͘ chai-iáⁿ ê o͘-tōng lāi-té, siāng-tōa ê sū-kiāⁿ-sī-pêng-sòaⁿ. O͘-tōng pún-sin sī kan-na o͘ niā-niā. M̄-koh chit-khoán chiah-bōe-thêng ê koài-siù, gōa-iân ē koh se̍h chi̍t-liàn leh hoat-kng ê khì-thé. Chit-ê tē-it-tiuⁿ o͘-tōng iáⁿ-siōng sī tī jī-khòng-it-kiú nî sì goe̍h cha̍p hō͘ kong-khai ê. Chit-tiuⁿ iáⁿ-siōng ē-tàng kái-sek M poeh-cha̍p-chhit seng-hē tiong-sim ê o͘-tōng gōa-iân khu-he̍k. Che pí tong-chhoe-sî àn-sǹg beh khòaⁿ sū-kiāⁿ-sī-pêng-sòaⁿ ê kái-sek-tō͘ koh-khah hó. Iáⁿ-siōng tiong-ng ê àm-khu, kî-si̍t m̄-sī sū-kiāⁿ-tē-pêng-sòaⁿ, sī o͘-tōng ê o͘-iáⁿ. Tiong-ng khì-thé hoat-chhut ê kng, khì hō͘ tiong-ng o͘-tōng ê tiōng-le̍k chia̍h-khì, chiah-ē piàn-àm. O͘-iáⁿ ê chhùn-chhioh kah gōa-hêng, sī àn sū-kiāⁿ-tē-pêng-sòaⁿ hù-kūn ê hoat-kng khì-thé, kiông-tiōng-le̍k-thàu-kiàⁿ-áu-oan ê éng-hióng, koh-ū o͘-tōng chū-soân ê éng-hióng koat-tēng ê. Sū-kiāⁿ-sī-pêng-sòaⁿ bōng-oán-kiàⁿ (EHT) kái-sek o͘-tōng ê o͘-iáⁿ, soah ka-kiông Ài-in-su-thán ê tiōng-le̍k lí-lūn tī ke̍k-toan khu-he̍k mau chok-iōng ê chèng-kù. Jî-chhiáⁿ mā khak-tēng M poeh-cha̍p-chhit ê tiong-ng ū chi̍t-ê la̍k-cha̍p ek thài-iông-chit-liōng ê chū-soân o͘-tōng. EHT ê jīm-bū iáu-bōe soah, bī-lâi ê koan-chhek ē iōng koh-khah koân ê kái-sek-tō͘, tùi piàn-ī-sèng ū khah-hó ê tui-chong-ki-su̍t, mā-ē thàm-soh lán Gîn-hô-tiong-sim o͘-tōng gōa-iân ê chōng-hóng.

[KIP] Te-it-ê oo-tōng sī-pîng-suànn kui-bôo ê iánn-siōng

Oo-tōng khuànn--khí-lâi sī siánn-mih-khuán ê? Uī-tio̍h beh tshuē tio̍h tsit-ê tap-àn, tsuân-kiû ê tiān-pho-bōng-uán-kiànn iōng hia̍p-tiau-kuan-tshik-ki-su̍t, lâi kuan-tshik tsit-ê bo̍k-tsîng lán sòo tsai-iánn ê oo-tōng lāi-té, siāng-tuā ê sū-kiānn-sī-pîng-suànn. Oo-tōng pún-sin sī kan-na oo niā-niā. M̄-koh tsit-khuán tsiah-buē-thîng ê kuài-siù, guā-iân ē koh se̍h tsi̍t-liàn leh huat-kng ê khì-thé. Tsit-ê tē-it-tiunn oo-tōng iánn-siōng sī tī jī-khòng-it-kiú nî sì gue̍h tsa̍p hōo kong-khai ê. Tsit-tiunn iánn-siōng ē-tàng kái-sik M pueh-tsa̍p-tshit sing-hē tiong-sim ê oo-tōng guā-iân khu-hi̍k. Tse pí tong-tshue-sî àn-sǹg beh khuànn sū-kiānn-sī-pîng-suànn ê kái-sik-tōo koh-khah hó. Iánn-siōng tiong-ng ê àm-khu, kî-si̍t m̄-sī sū-kiānn-tē-pîng-suànn, sī oo-tōng ê oo-iánn. Tiong-ng khì-thé huat-tshut ê kng, khì hōo tiong-ng oo-tōng ê tiōng-li̍k tsia̍h-khì, tsiah-ē piàn-àm. Oo-iánn ê tshùn-tshioh kah guā-hîng, sī àn sū-kiānn-tē-pîng-suànn hù-kūn ê huat-kng khì-thé, kiông-tiōng-li̍k-thàu-kiànn-áu-uan ê íng-hióng, koh-ū oo-tōng tsū-suân ê íng-hióng kuat-tīng ê. Sū-kiānn-sī-pîng-suànn bōng-uán-kiànn (EHT) kái-sik oo-tōng ê oo-iánn, suah ka-kiông Ài-in-su-thán ê tiōng-li̍k lí-lūn tī ki̍k-tuan khu-hi̍k mau tsok-iōng ê tsìng-kù. Jî-tshiánn mā khak-tīng M pueh-tsa̍p-tshit ê tiong-ng ū tsi̍t-ê la̍k-tsa̍p ik thài-iông-tsit-liōng ê tsū-suân oo-tōng. EHT ê jīm-bū iáu-buē suah, bī-lâi ê kuan-tshik ē iōng koh-khah kuân ê kái-sik-tōo, tuì piàn-ī-sìng ū khah-hó ê tui-tsong-ki-su̍t, mā-ē thàm-soh lán Gîn-hô-tiong-sim oo-tōng guā-iân ê tsōng-hóng.

[English] First Horizon-Scale Image of a Black Hole

What does a black hole look like? To find out, radio telescopes from around the Earth coordinated observations of black holes with the largest known event horizons on the sky. Alone, black holes are just black, but these monster attractors are known to be surrounded by glowing gas. The first image was released yesterday and resolved the area around the black hole at the center of galaxy M87 on a scale below that expected for its event horizon. Pictured, the dark central region is not the event horizon, but rather the black hole's shadow -- the central region of emitting gas darkened by the central black hole's gravity. The size and shape of the shadow is determined by bright gas near the event horizon, by strong gravitational lensing deflections, and by the black hole's spin. In resolving this black hole's shadow, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) bolstered evidence that Einstein's gravity works even in extreme regions, and gave clear evidence that M87 has a central spinning black hole of about 6 billion solar masses. The EHT is not done -- future observations will be geared toward even higher resolution, better tracking of variability, and exploring the immediate vicinity of the black hole in the center of our Milky Way Galaxy.

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